自:

①自己。《詩經·大雅·文王》:“永言配命,自求多福。”(言:通“焉”。配命:合乎天命。)《老子》:“知人者智,自知者明。”②親自。宋濂《送東陽馬生序》:“每假借於藏書之傢,手自筆錄,計日以還。”《史記·蕭相國世傢》:“高祖自將。”③自然。《史記·李將軍列傳》:“諺曰:‘桃李無言,下自成蹊。’”(蹊:小徑;小路。)④介詞。1.從。《孟子·滕文公上》:“有為神農之言者許行,自楚之滕。”(神農:傳說為古代造耒耜、興農業的帝王。許行:當時的農學傢。)《論語·學而》:“有朋自遠方來。”2. 由於。《史記·屈原賈生列傳》:“屈平之作《離騷》,蓋自怨生也。”《漢書·灌夫傳》:“侯自我得之,自我捐之,無所恨。”⑤連詞。表示假設。可譯為假如。《左傳·成公十六年》:“唯聖人能內外無患,自非聖人,外寧必有內憂。”⑥連詞。表示假設的讓步。可譯為即使。《漢書·高祖紀下》:“高祖不修文學,而性明達,好謀能聽,自監門戍卒,見之如舊。”又《杜周傳》:“自京師不曉,況於遠方?”

唱:

①領唱。《荀子·樂論》:“唱和有應,善惡相象。”②歌唱。陶潛《詠荊軻》:“漸離擊悲築,宋意唱高聲。”(築:樂器名。)③吟詠。李賀《洛姝真珠》:“寒鬢斜釵玉燕光,高樓唱月敲懸璫。”(玉燕:女子頭上的裝飾。敲:碰擊。璫:耳飾。)④古詩體的一種。如:《氣出唱》;《小海唱》。⑤倡導。《荀子·非十二子》:“子思唱之,孟軻和之。”⑥高呼。《南史·檀道濟傳》:“道濟夜唱籌量沙,以所餘少米散其上。”

zi :

①zi ji 。《shi jing ·da ya ·wen wang 》:“yong yan pei ming ,zi qiu duo fu 。”(yan :tong “yan ”。pei ming :ge hu tian ming 。)《lao zi 》:“zhi ren zhe zhi ,zi zhi zhe ming 。”②qin zi 。song lian 《song dong yang ma sheng xu 》:“mei jia jie yu cang shu zhi jia ,shou zi bi lu ,ji ri yi hai 。”《shi ji ·xiao xiang guo shi jia 》:“gao zu zi jiang 。”③zi ran 。《shi ji ·li jiang jun lie chuan 》:“yan yue :‘tao li mo yan ,xia zi cheng qi 。’”(qi :xiao jing ;xiao lu 。)④jie ci 。1.cong 。《meng zi ·teng wen gong shang 》:“you wei shen nong zhi yan zhe hu hang ,zi chu zhi teng 。”(shen nong :chuan shui wei gu dai zao lei si 、xing nong ye de di wang 。hu hang :dang shi de nong xue jia 。)《lun yu ·xue er 》:“you peng zi yuan fang lai 。”2. you yu 。《shi ji ·qu yuan gu sheng lie chuan 》:“qu ping zhi zuo 《li sao 》,gai zi yuan sheng ye 。”《han shu ·guan fu chuan 》:“hou zi wo de zhi ,zi wo juan zhi ,mo suo hen 。”⑤lian ci 。biao shi jia she 。ke yi wei jia ru 。《zuo chuan ·cheng gong shi liu nian 》:“wei sheng ren neng nei wai mo huan ,zi fei sheng ren ,wai ning bi you nei you 。”⑥lian ci 。biao shi jia she de rang bu 。ke yi wei ji shi 。《han shu ·gao zu ji xia 》:“gao zu bu xiu wen xue ,er xing ming da ,hao mou neng ting ,zi jian men shu cu ,jian zhi ru jiu 。”you 《du zhou chuan 》:“zi jing shi bu xiao ,kuang yu yuan fang ?”

chang :

①ling chang 。《xun zi ·le lun 》:“chang he you ying ,shan e xiang xiang 。”②ge chang 。tao qian 《yong jing ke 》:“jian li ji bei zhu ,song yi chang gao sheng 。”(zhu :le qi ming 。)③yin yong 。li he 《luo shu zhen zhu 》:“han bin xie chai yu yan guang ,gao lou chang yue qiao xuan dang 。”(yu yan :nv zi tou shang de zhuang shi 。qiao :peng ji 。dang :er shi 。)④gu shi ti de yi chong 。ru :《qi chu chang 》;《xiao hai chang 》。⑤chang dao 。《xun zi ·fei shi er zi 》:“zi sai chang zhi ,meng ke he zhi 。”⑥gao hu 。《na shi ·tan dao ji chuan 》:“dao ji ye chang chou liang sha ,yi suo yu shao mi san ji shang 。”