自:

①自己。《詩經·大雅·文王》:“永言配命,自求多福。”(言:通“焉”。配命:合乎天命。)《老子》:“知人者智,自知者明。”②親自。宋濂《送東陽馬生序》:“每假借於藏書之傢,手自筆錄,計日以還。”《史記·蕭相國世傢》:“高祖自將。”③自然。《史記·李將軍列傳》:“諺曰:‘桃李無言,下自成蹊。’”(蹊:小徑;小路。)④介詞。1.從。《孟子·滕文公上》:“有為神農之言者許行,自楚之滕。”(神農:傳說為古代造耒耜、興農業的帝王。許行:當時的農學傢。)《論語·學而》:“有朋自遠方來。”2. 由於。《史記·屈原賈生列傳》:“屈平之作《離騷》,蓋自怨生也。”《漢書·灌夫傳》:“侯自我得之,自我捐之,無所恨。”⑤連詞。表示假設。可譯為假如。《左傳·成公十六年》:“唯聖人能內外無患,自非聖人,外寧必有內憂。”⑥連詞。表示假設的讓步。可譯為即使。《漢書·高祖紀下》:“高祖不修文學,而性明達,好謀能聽,自監門戍卒,見之如舊。”又《杜周傳》:“自京師不曉,況於遠方?”

嘆:

①嘆息。《詩經·豳風·東山》:“婦嘆於室。”諸葛亮《前出師表》:“夙(sù)夜憂嘆。”(夙:早。)②吟誦;歌唱。陸機《日出東南隅行》:“春遊良可嘆。”《楊君石門頌》:“垂流億載,世世嘆誦。”(垂流:流傳。)③贊嘆;贊美。《禮記·郊特牲》:“孔子屢嘆之。”④唱和;隨聲應和。《荀子·禮論》:“清廟之歌,一唱而三嘆也。”(清廟:《詩經·周頌》篇名。)

多:

①數量大,與“少”相對。《孟子·公孫醜下》:“得道者多助,失道者寡助。”(得道:指得治國之道,即行仁政。寡:少。)王維《相思》:“願君多采擷。”②勝過;超過。湯顯祖《紫簫記·巧探》:“想他才似相如,貌多王粲。”(相如:司馬相如,漢辭賦傢。王粲:漢魏間人,貌美多才。)③稱贊;著重。《史記·季佈欒佈列傳》:“諸公皆多季佈能摧剛為柔,朱傢以此名聞當世。”《史記·魏其武安侯列傳》:“士亦以此多之。”④過分的;多餘的。《莊子·漁父》:“今子既上無君侯有司之勢,而下無大臣職事之官,而擅飭(chì)禮樂,選人倫以化齊民,不泰多事乎?”(飭:整頓。泰:太,過於,過分。)劉劭《人物志·體別》:“夫在多疑。”⑤增多。《荀子·天論》:“因物而多之,孰與騁能而化之?”⑥通“哆”,不正。《法言·吾子》:“中正則雅,多哇則鄭。”(哇:淫邪的樂聲。)⑦副詞。表示限定。約相當於“隻”、“僅僅”。朱浮《為幽州牧與彭寵書》:“此猶河濱之民捧土以塞孟津,多見其不知量也。”《論語·子張》:“人雖欲自絕,其何傷於日月乎? 多見其不知量也。”

情:

①一般的情感或情緒。《禮記·禮運》:“何謂人情?喜、怒、哀、懼、愛、惡、欲,七者弗學而能。”②特指愛情。孔尚任《桃花扇·逃難》:“情根愛胎,何時消敗?”③常理;常情。《孫子·九地》:“兵之情主速,乘人之不及。”④情形;真實情況;實情。《左傳·莊公十年》:“小大之獄,雖不能察,必以情。”⑤真實;真誠。《墨子·非攻上》:“情不知其不義也。故書其言以遺後世。”

更:

(一)①改變;更換。《韓非子·解老》:“凡法令更則利害易。”②替換。《呂氏春秋·仲春紀》:“是月也,祀不用犧牲,用圭璧,更皮幣。”(犧牲:祭祀用的牲畜。圭:玉器名。皮幣:毛皮和繒帛。)引申為交替。《漢書·萬石君傳》:“九卿更進用事。”③經歷;經過。《韓非子·外儲說左上》:“更日久則塗幹而椽燥。”④抵償;抵押。《史記·平準書》:“悉巴蜀租賦不足以更之。”(悉:竭盡。)⑤古時夜間計時單位,一夜分為五更,每一更約二小時。嶽飛《小重山》:“驚回千裡夢,已三更。” (二)gèng 副詞。①相當於“再”、“又”。《史記·孟嘗君列傳》:“此時孟嘗君有一狐白裘,直千金,天下無雙,入秦獻之昭王,更無他裘。”(直:同“值”。)杜甫《石壕吏》:“室中更無人,惟有乳下孫。”②相當於“愈”。更加。《史記·管晏列傳》:“吾嘗為鮑叔謀事,而更窮困。”

多:

①數量大,與“少”相對。《孟子·公孫醜下》:“得道者多助,失道者寡助。”(得道:指得治國之道,即行仁政。寡:少。)王維《相思》:“願君多采擷。”②勝過;超過。湯顯祖《紫簫記·巧探》:“想他才似相如,貌多王粲。”(相如:司馬相如,漢辭賦傢。王粲:漢魏間人,貌美多才。)③稱贊;著重。《史記·季佈欒佈列傳》:“諸公皆多季佈能摧剛為柔,朱傢以此名聞當世。”《史記·魏其武安侯列傳》:“士亦以此多之。”④過分的;多餘的。《莊子·漁父》:“今子既上無君侯有司之勢,而下無大臣職事之官,而擅飭(chì)禮樂,選人倫以化齊民,不泰多事乎?”(飭:整頓。泰:太,過於,過分。)劉劭《人物志·體別》:“夫在多疑。”⑤增多。《荀子·天論》:“因物而多之,孰與騁能而化之?”⑥通“哆”,不正。《法言·吾子》:“中正則雅,多哇則鄭。”(哇:淫邪的樂聲。)⑦副詞。表示限定。約相當於“隻”、“僅僅”。朱浮《為幽州牧與彭寵書》:“此猶河濱之民捧土以塞孟津,多見其不知量也。”《論語·子張》:“人雖欲自絕,其何傷於日月乎? 多見其不知量也。”

病:

①重病;重傷。古稱輕病為疾,重病為病。《左傳·僖公二十八年》:“病,則將殺之。”後泛指一般疾病。《孟子·滕文公上》:“吾固願見,今吾尚病;病愈,我且往見。”②患病。《後漢書·王充傳》:“永元中,病卒於傢。”③困苦;疾苦。白居易《寄唐生》:“惟歌生民病,願得天子知。”④憂慮;擔心。《左傳·襄公二十四年》:“鄭人病之。”⑤缺點;錯誤。《孔子傢語·在厄》:“孔子聖賢,其所刺譏,皆中諸侯之病。”

zi :

①zi ji 。《shi jing ·da ya ·wen wang 》:“yong yan pei ming ,zi qiu duo fu 。”(yan :tong “yan ”。pei ming :ge hu tian ming 。)《lao zi 》:“zhi ren zhe zhi ,zi zhi zhe ming 。”②qin zi 。song lian 《song dong yang ma sheng xu 》:“mei jia jie yu cang shu zhi jia ,shou zi bi lu ,ji ri yi hai 。”《shi ji ·xiao xiang guo shi jia 》:“gao zu zi jiang 。”③zi ran 。《shi ji ·li jiang jun lie chuan 》:“yan yue :‘tao li mo yan ,xia zi cheng qi 。’”(qi :xiao jing ;xiao lu 。)④jie ci 。1.cong 。《meng zi ·teng wen gong shang 》:“you wei shen nong zhi yan zhe hu hang ,zi chu zhi teng 。”(shen nong :chuan shui wei gu dai zao lei si 、xing nong ye de di wang 。hu hang :dang shi de nong xue jia 。)《lun yu ·xue er 》:“you peng zi yuan fang lai 。”2. you yu 。《shi ji ·qu yuan gu sheng lie chuan 》:“qu ping zhi zuo 《li sao 》,gai zi yuan sheng ye 。”《han shu ·guan fu chuan 》:“hou zi wo de zhi ,zi wo juan zhi ,mo suo hen 。”⑤lian ci 。biao shi jia she 。ke yi wei jia ru 。《zuo chuan ·cheng gong shi liu nian 》:“wei sheng ren neng nei wai mo huan ,zi fei sheng ren ,wai ning bi you nei you 。”⑥lian ci 。biao shi jia she de rang bu 。ke yi wei ji shi 。《han shu ·gao zu ji xia 》:“gao zu bu xiu wen xue ,er xing ming da ,hao mou neng ting ,zi jian men shu cu ,jian zhi ru jiu 。”you 《du zhou chuan 》:“zi jing shi bu xiao ,kuang yu yuan fang ?”

tan :

①tan xi 。《shi jing ·bin feng ·dong shan 》:“fu tan yu shi 。”zhu ge liang 《qian chu shi biao 》:“su (sù)ye you tan 。”(su :zao 。)②yin song ;ge chang 。liu ji 《ri chu dong na yu hang 》:“chun you liang ke tan 。”《yang jun dan men song 》:“chui liu yi zai ,shi shi tan song 。”(chui liu :liu chuan 。)③zan tan ;zan mei 。《li ji ·jiao te sheng 》:“kong zi lv tan zhi 。”④chang he ;sui sheng ying he 。《xun zi ·li lun 》:“qing miao zhi ge ,yi chang er san tan ye 。”(qing miao :《shi jing ·zhou song 》pian ming 。)

duo :

①shu liang da ,yu “shao ”xiang dui 。《meng zi ·gong sun chou xia 》:“de dao zhe duo zhu ,shi dao zhe gua zhu 。”(de dao :zhi de zhi guo zhi dao ,ji hang ren zheng 。gua :shao 。)wang wei 《xiang sai 》:“yuan jun duo cai xie 。”②sheng guo ;chao guo 。shang xian zu 《zi xiao ji ·qiao tan 》:“xiang ta cai shi xiang ru ,mao duo wang can 。”(xiang ru :si ma xiang ru ,han ci fu jia 。wang can :han wei jian ren ,mao mei duo cai 。)③chen zan ;zhao chong 。《shi ji ·ji bu luan bu lie chuan 》:“zhu gong jie duo ji bu neng cui gang wei rou ,zhu jia yi ci ming wen dang shi 。”《shi ji ·wei ji wu an hou lie chuan 》:“shi yi yi ci duo zhi 。”④guo fen de ;duo yu de 。《zhuang zi ·yu fu 》:“jin zi ji shang mo jun hou you si zhi shi ,er xia mo da chen zhi shi zhi guan ,er shan chi (chì)li le ,shua ren lun yi hua ji min ,bu tai duo shi hu ?”(chi :zheng du 。tai :tai ,guo yu ,guo fen 。)liu shao 《ren wu zhi ·ti bie 》:“fu zai duo yi 。”⑤zeng duo 。《xun zi ·tian lun 》:“yin wu er duo zhi ,shu yu cheng neng er hua zhi ?”⑥tong “chi ”,bu zheng 。《fa yan ·wu zi 》:“zhong zheng ze ya ,duo wa ze zheng 。”(wa :yin xie de le sheng 。)⑦fu ci 。biao shi xian ding 。yao xiang dang yu “zhi ”、“jin jin ”。zhu fu 《wei you zhou mu yu peng chong shu 》:“ci you he bin zhi min peng tu yi sai meng jin ,duo jian ji bu zhi liang ye 。”《lun yu ·zi zhang 》:“ren sui yu zi jue ,ji he shang yu ri yue hu ? duo jian ji bu zhi liang ye 。”

qing :

①yi ban de qing gan huo qing xu 。《li ji ·li yun 》:“he wei ren qing ?xi 、nu 、ai 、ju 、ai 、e 、yu ,qi zhe fu xue er neng 。”②te zhi ai qing 。kong shang ren 《tao hua shan ·tao nan 》:“qing gen ai tai ,he shi xiao bai ?”③chang li ;chang qing 。《sun zi ·jiu de 》:“bing zhi qing zhu su ,cheng ren zhi bu ji 。”④qing xing ;zhen shi qing kuang ;shi qing 。《zuo chuan ·zhuang gong shi nian 》:“xiao da zhi yu ,sui bu neng cha ,bi yi qing 。”⑤zhen shi ;zhen cheng 。《mo zi ·fei gong shang 》:“qing bu zhi ji bu yi ye 。gu shu ji yan yi wei hou shi 。”

geng :

(yi )①gai bian ;geng huan 。《han fei zi ·jie lao 》:“fan fa ling geng ze li hai yi 。”②ti huan 。《lv shi chun qiu ·zhong chun ji 》:“shi yue ye ,si bu yong xi sheng ,yong gui bi ,geng pi bi 。”(xi sheng :ji si yong de sheng chu 。gui :yu qi ming 。pi bi :mao pi he zeng bo 。)yin shen wei jiao ti 。《han shu ·mo dan jun chuan 》:“jiu qing geng jin yong shi 。”③jing li ;jing guo 。《han fei zi ·wai chu shui zuo shang 》:“geng ri jiu ze tu gan er chuan zao 。”④di chang ;di ya 。《shi ji ·ping zhun shu 》:“xi ba shu zu fu bu zu yi geng zhi 。”(xi :jie jin 。)⑤gu shi ye jian ji shi chan wei ,yi ye fen wei wu geng ,mei yi geng yao er xiao shi 。yue fei 《xiao chong shan 》:“jing hui qian li meng ,yi san geng 。” (er )gèng fu ci 。①xiang dang yu “zai ”、“you ”。《shi ji ·meng chang jun lie chuan 》:“ci shi meng chang jun you yi hu bai qiu ,zhi qian jin ,tian xia mo shuang ,ru qin suo zhi zhao wang ,geng mo ta qiu 。”(zhi :tong “zhi ”。)du fu 《dan hao li 》:“shi zhong geng mo ren ,wei you ru xia sun 。”②xiang dang yu “yu ”。geng jia 。《shi ji ·guan yan lie chuan 》:“wu chang wei bao shu mou shi ,er geng qiong kun 。”

duo :

①shu liang da ,yu “shao ”xiang dui 。《meng zi ·gong sun chou xia 》:“de dao zhe duo zhu ,shi dao zhe gua zhu 。”(de dao :zhi de zhi guo zhi dao ,ji hang ren zheng 。gua :shao 。)wang wei 《xiang sai 》:“yuan jun duo cai xie 。”②sheng guo ;chao guo 。shang xian zu 《zi xiao ji ·qiao tan 》:“xiang ta cai shi xiang ru ,mao duo wang can 。”(xiang ru :si ma xiang ru ,han ci fu jia 。wang can :han wei jian ren ,mao mei duo cai 。)③chen zan ;zhao chong 。《shi ji ·ji bu luan bu lie chuan 》:“zhu gong jie duo ji bu neng cui gang wei rou ,zhu jia yi ci ming wen dang shi 。”《shi ji ·wei ji wu an hou lie chuan 》:“shi yi yi ci duo zhi 。”④guo fen de ;duo yu de 。《zhuang zi ·yu fu 》:“jin zi ji shang mo jun hou you si zhi shi ,er xia mo da chen zhi shi zhi guan ,er shan chi (chì)li le ,shua ren lun yi hua ji min ,bu tai duo shi hu ?”(chi :zheng du 。tai :tai ,guo yu ,guo fen 。)liu shao 《ren wu zhi ·ti bie 》:“fu zai duo yi 。”⑤zeng duo 。《xun zi ·tian lun 》:“yin wu er duo zhi ,shu yu cheng neng er hua zhi ?”⑥tong “chi ”,bu zheng 。《fa yan ·wu zi 》:“zhong zheng ze ya ,duo wa ze zheng 。”(wa :yin xie de le sheng 。)⑦fu ci 。biao shi xian ding 。yao xiang dang yu “zhi ”、“jin jin ”。zhu fu 《wei you zhou mu yu peng chong shu 》:“ci you he bin zhi min peng tu yi sai meng jin ,duo jian ji bu zhi liang ye 。”《lun yu ·zi zhang 》:“ren sui yu zi jue ,ji he shang yu ri yue hu ? duo jian ji bu zhi liang ye 。”

bing :

①chong bing ;chong shang 。gu chen qing bing wei ji ,chong bing wei bing 。《zuo chuan ·xi gong er shi ba nian 》:“bing ,ze jiang sha zhi 。”hou fan zhi yi ban ji bing 。《meng zi ·teng wen gong shang 》:“wu gu yuan jian ,jin wu shang bing ;bing yu ,wo ju wang jian 。”②huan bing 。《hou han shu ·wang chong chuan 》:“yong yuan zhong ,bing cu yu jia 。”③kun ku ;ji ku 。bai ju yi 《ji tang sheng 》:“wei ge sheng min bing ,yuan de tian zi zhi 。”④you lv ;dan xin 。《zuo chuan ·xiang gong er shi si nian 》:“zheng ren bing zhi 。”⑤que dian ;cuo wu 。《kong zi jia yu ·zai e 》:“kong zi sheng xian ,ji suo ci ji ,jie zhong zhu hou zhi bing 。”