自:

①自己。《詩經·大雅·文王》:“永言配命,自求多福。”(言:通“焉”。配命:合乎天命。)《老子》:“知人者智,自知者明。”②親自。宋濂《送東陽馬生序》:“每假借於藏書之傢,手自筆錄,計日以還。”《史記·蕭相國世傢》:“高祖自將。”③自然。《史記·李將軍列傳》:“諺曰:‘桃李無言,下自成蹊。’”(蹊:小徑;小路。)④介詞。1.從。《孟子·滕文公上》:“有為神農之言者許行,自楚之滕。”(神農:傳說為古代造耒耜、興農業的帝王。許行:當時的農學傢。)《論語·學而》:“有朋自遠方來。”2. 由於。《史記·屈原賈生列傳》:“屈平之作《離騷》,蓋自怨生也。”《漢書·灌夫傳》:“侯自我得之,自我捐之,無所恨。”⑤連詞。表示假設。可譯為假如。《左傳·成公十六年》:“唯聖人能內外無患,自非聖人,外寧必有內憂。”⑥連詞。表示假設的讓步。可譯為即使。《漢書·高祖紀下》:“高祖不修文學,而性明達,好謀能聽,自監門戍卒,見之如舊。”又《杜周傳》:“自京師不曉,況於遠方?”

來:

(一)①小麥。《詩經·周頌·思文》:“貽我來牟。”②由彼至此,由遠到近。跟“去”、“往”相反。《孫子兵法·九地》:“我可以往,彼可以來者,為交地。”賀知章《回鄉偶書》:“兒童相見不相識,笑問客從何處來?”③使……來;招致;招來。也作“徠”。司馬遷《史記·文帝本紀》:“將何以來遠方之賢良?”④某一時間以後。《孟子·盡心下》:“由孔子而來,至於今,百有餘歲。”⑤將來;未來。陶潛《歸去來兮辭》:“悟已往之不諫,知來者之可追。”(諫:改正。追:追求。)《孟子·滕文公下》:“如知其非義,斯速已矣,何待來年?”(斯:則。已:停止。)⑥句末助詞。《莊子·人間世》:“嘗以語我來。”《孟子·離婁上》:“盍歸乎來!” (二)lài 慰勞。《詩經·小雅·大東》:“東人之子,職勞不來。”(職:主管。勞lào:慰勞)

相:

(一)①互相;相互。《左傳·隱公元年》:“不及黃泉,無相見也。”②遞相;一方對另一方有所動作。《呂氏春秋·疑似》:“為高葆禱於璐,置鼓其上,遠近相聞。”③質地;實質。劉峻《辯命論》:“昔之玉質金相,英髦秀達,皆擯斥於當年,韞(yùn)奇才而莫用。”(髦:俊傑。韞:藏。)[相對]相向。元稹《與李十二夜飲》:“寒夜燈前賴酒壺,與君相對興(xìng)猶孤。”(二)xiàng ①察看;仔細看。《詩經·大雅·公劉》:“相其陰陽,觀其流泉。”②占視。迷信者看外形而斷定人與事的吉兇禍福。《荀子·非相》:“相人之形狀顏色,而知其吉兇妖祥。”③相貌;形貌。《荀子·非相》:“形相雖善而心術惡。”④輔佐;扶助。《論語·季氏》:“今由與求也,相夫子。”⑤官名。1. 輔佐君主掌管國事的最高官吏。《史記·魏世傢》:“傢貧則思良妻,國亂則思賢相。”2.漢代另指諸侯國的實際執政者,地位相當於郡太守。《後漢書·張衡傳》:“永和初,出為河間相。”又使為相。《續資治通鑒長編·宋仁宗至和二年》:“帝新相文彥博、富弼,意甚自得。”⑥司儀贊禮者。《淮南子·主術》:“口能言而行人稱辭,足能行而相者先導。”(行人:古時的外交官。)⑦選擇。王實甫《西廂記》第五本第四折:“自古相女配夫,新狀元花生滿路。”

伴:

①同伴;伴侶。吳融《倒次元韻》詩:“南陌來尋伴。”(陌:道路。)②作伴;陪伴;陪著。胡銓《戊午上高宗封事》:“天下望治,有如饑渴,而近伴食中書,漫不敢可否事。”(近:人名。指孫近。伴食中書:在中書省陪著吃飯。指任職不管事。中書:官署名。)

zi :

①zi ji 。《shi jing ·da ya ·wen wang 》:“yong yan pei ming ,zi qiu duo fu 。”(yan :tong “yan ”。pei ming :ge hu tian ming 。)《lao zi 》:“zhi ren zhe zhi ,zi zhi zhe ming 。”②qin zi 。song lian 《song dong yang ma sheng xu 》:“mei jia jie yu cang shu zhi jia ,shou zi bi lu ,ji ri yi hai 。”《shi ji ·xiao xiang guo shi jia 》:“gao zu zi jiang 。”③zi ran 。《shi ji ·li jiang jun lie chuan 》:“yan yue :‘tao li mo yan ,xia zi cheng qi 。’”(qi :xiao jing ;xiao lu 。)④jie ci 。1.cong 。《meng zi ·teng wen gong shang 》:“you wei shen nong zhi yan zhe hu hang ,zi chu zhi teng 。”(shen nong :chuan shui wei gu dai zao lei si 、xing nong ye de di wang 。hu hang :dang shi de nong xue jia 。)《lun yu ·xue er 》:“you peng zi yuan fang lai 。”2. you yu 。《shi ji ·qu yuan gu sheng lie chuan 》:“qu ping zhi zuo 《li sao 》,gai zi yuan sheng ye 。”《han shu ·guan fu chuan 》:“hou zi wo de zhi ,zi wo juan zhi ,mo suo hen 。”⑤lian ci 。biao shi jia she 。ke yi wei jia ru 。《zuo chuan ·cheng gong shi liu nian 》:“wei sheng ren neng nei wai mo huan ,zi fei sheng ren ,wai ning bi you nei you 。”⑥lian ci 。biao shi jia she de rang bu 。ke yi wei ji shi 。《han shu ·gao zu ji xia 》:“gao zu bu xiu wen xue ,er xing ming da ,hao mou neng ting ,zi jian men shu cu ,jian zhi ru jiu 。”you 《du zhou chuan 》:“zi jing shi bu xiao ,kuang yu yuan fang ?”

lai :

(yi )①xiao mai 。《shi jing ·zhou song ·sai wen 》:“yi wo lai mou 。”②you bi zhi ci ,you yuan dao jin 。gen “qu ”、“wang ”xiang fan 。《sun zi bing fa ·jiu de 》:“wo ke yi wang ,bi ke yi lai zhe ,wei jiao de 。”he zhi zhang 《hui xiang ou shu 》:“er tong xiang jian bu xiang shi ,xiao wen ke cong he chu lai ?”③shi ……lai ;qiao zhi ;qiao lai 。ye zuo “lai ”。si ma qian 《shi ji ·wen di ben ji 》:“jiang he yi lai yuan fang zhi xian liang ?”④mou yi shi jian yi hou 。《meng zi ·jin xin xia 》:“you kong zi er lai ,zhi yu jin ,bai you yu sui 。”⑤jiang lai ;wei lai 。tao qian 《gui qu lai xi ci 》:“wu yi wang zhi bu jian ,zhi lai zhe zhi ke zhui 。”(jian :gai zheng 。zhui :zhui qiu 。)《meng zi ·teng wen gong xia 》:“ru zhi ji fei yi ,si su yi yi ,he dai lai nian ?”(si :ze 。yi :ting zhi 。)⑥gou mo zhu ci 。《zhuang zi ·ren jian shi 》:“chang yi yu wo lai 。”《meng zi ·li lou shang 》:“he gui hu lai !” (er )lài wei lao 。《shi jing ·xiao ya ·da dong 》:“dong ren zhi zi ,zhi lao bu lai 。”(zhi :zhu guan 。lao lào:wei lao )

xiang :

(yi )①hu xiang ;xiang hu 。《zuo chuan ·yin gong yuan nian 》:“bu ji huang quan ,mo xiang jian ye 。”②di xiang ;yi fang dui ling yi fang you suo dong zuo 。《lv shi chun qiu ·yi shi 》:“wei gao bao dao yu lu ,zhi gu ji shang ,yuan jin xiang wen 。”③zhi de ;shi zhi 。liu jun 《bian ming lun 》:“xi zhi yu zhi jin xiang ,ying mao xiu da ,jie bin chi yu dang nian ,yun (yùn)ji cai er mo yong 。”(mao :jun jie 。yun :cang 。)[xiang dui ]xiang xiang 。yuan zhen 《yu li shi er ye yin 》:“han ye deng qian lai jiu hu ,yu jun xiang dui xing (xìng)you gu 。”(er )xiàng ①cha kan ;zai xi kan 。《shi jing ·da ya ·gong liu 》:“xiang ji yin yang ,guan ji liu quan 。”②zhan shi 。mi xin zhe kan wai xing er duan ding ren yu shi de ji xiong huo fu 。《xun zi ·fei xiang 》:“xiang ren zhi xing zhuang yan se ,er zhi ji ji xiong yao xiang 。”③xiang mao ;xing mao 。《xun zi ·fei xiang 》:“xing xiang sui shan er xin shu e 。”④fu zuo ;fu zhu 。《lun yu ·ji shi 》:“jin you yu qiu ye ,xiang fu zi 。”⑤guan ming 。1. fu zuo jun zhu zhang guan guo shi de zui gao guan li 。《shi ji ·wei shi jia 》:“jia pin ze sai liang qi ,guo luan ze sai xian xiang 。”2.han dai ling zhi zhu hou guo de shi ji zhi zheng zhe ,de wei xiang dang yu jun tai shou 。《hou han shu ·zhang heng chuan 》:“yong he chu ,chu wei he jian xiang 。”you shi wei xiang 。《xu zi zhi tong jian chang bian ·song ren zong zhi he er nian 》:“di xin xiang wen yan bo 、fu bi ,yi shen zi de 。”⑥si yi zan li zhe 。《huai na zi ·zhu shu 》:“kou neng yan er hang ren chen ci ,zu neng hang er xiang zhe xian dao 。”(hang ren :gu shi de wai jiao guan 。)⑦shua ze 。wang shi fu 《xi xiang ji 》di wu ben di si she :“zi gu xiang nv pei fu ,xin zhuang yuan hua sheng man lu 。”

ban :

①tong ban ;ban lv 。wu rong 《dao ci yuan yun 》shi :“na mo lai xun ban 。”(mo :dao lu 。)②zuo ban ;pei ban ;pei zhao 。hu quan 《wu wu shang gao zong feng shi 》:“tian xia wang zhi ,you ru ji ke ,er jin ban shi zhong shu ,man bu gan ke fou shi 。”(jin :ren ming 。zhi sun jin 。ban shi zhong shu :zai zhong shu sheng pei zhao chi fan 。zhi ren zhi bu guan shi 。zhong shu :guan shu ming 。)