公:

①公正;公平。《呂氏春秋·去私》:“外舉不避仇,內舉不避親,祈黃羊可謂公矣。”②公共的;公傢的。陳亮《上孝宗皇帝第三書》:“二聖北狩之痛,蓋國傢之大恥而天下之公憤也。”③公然;公開地。賈誼《論積貯疏》:“殘賊公行,莫之或止。”(殘賊:害。)④公傢,與“私”相對。《詩經·豳風· 七月》:“獻豜於公。”⑤通“功”。功勞。《詩經·小雅·六月》:“薄伐玁狁,以奏膚公。”⑥古代五等爵的第一等。《孟子·萬章下》:“天子一位,公一位,侯一位,伯一位,子、男同一位。”又為諸侯的通稱。《禮記·喪服大記》:“公之喪,大夫俟練,士卒哭而歸。”(練:喪服。)⑦古代朝廷官階的第一級。《漢書·百官公卿表上》:“太師、太傅、太保,是為三公。”後泛指朝中職掌權者。李白《行路難》:“漢朝公卿忌賈生。”⑧對男子的敬稱。《史記·陳涉世傢》:“公等遇雨,皆以失期,失期當斬。”⑨舊稱親屬中的尊長。1.稱祖父。《呂氏春秋·異用》:“孔子之弟子從遠方來者,孔子荷(hè)杖而問之曰:‘子之公不有恙乎?’搏杖而揖之,問曰:‘子之父母不有恙乎?’”(搏杖:扶杖。)2. 稱父親。《戰國策·魏策一》:“將行,其子陳應止其公之行。”3.稱丈夫之父。古樂府《古詩為焦仲卿妻作》:“奉事循公姥,進止敢自專?”(循:順從。姥:婆婆。)⑩稱雄性的禽獸。《齊民要術·作醬法》:“母蟹臍大,圓,竟服下,公蟹狹而長。”

難:

(一)nán 困難;艱難。與“易”相對。《老子》第二章:“故有無相生,難易相成。”李白《蜀道難》:“蜀道之難,難於上青天。” (二)nàn ①災難;禍患。《孫子·謀攻》:“三軍既惑且疑,則諸侯之難至矣。”《韓非子·五蠹》:“堅甲厲兵以備難。”(厲兵:磨快兵器。)特指兵難,反抗或叛亂。賈誼《過秦論》:“一夫作難而七廟隳。”(七廟:天子的宗廟。隳 :毀壞。)蘇軾《晁錯論》:“惟仁人君子豪傑之士,能出身為天下犯大難,以求成大功。”②怨仇。《戰國策·秦策一》:“以與周武為難。”(周武:周武王。)《史記·張儀列傳》:“楚嘗與秦構難,戰於漢中。”③責備;責難。《孟子·離婁下》:“於禽獸又何難焉?”又詰問;反駁。《論衡·問孔》:“造難孔子,何傷於義?”王安石《答司馬諫議書》:“辟邪說,難壬人。”(壬人:佞人,巧言諂媚的小人。)又辯駁的觀點,論點。《漢書·高帝紀》:“(漢王)以問張良,良發八難。” (三)nuó ①茂盛的樣子。《詩經·小雅·隰桑》:“隰桑有阿,其葉有難。”(阿:通“婀”,柔美的樣子。)②驅逐疫鬼。後來寫作“儺”。《周禮·夏官·方相氏》:“帥百隸而時難,以索室驅疫。”

學:

(一)①學習。《論語·季氏》:“不學,無以言。”②仿效。③學校。《孟子·滕文公上》:“夏曰校,殷曰序,周曰庠,學則三代共之。”④學問;學識。《韓非子·外儲說左上》:“其學甚博。”⑤學說;學派。《韓非子·顯學》:“世之顯學,儒墨也。” (二)jiào 教導。後作“教”。《墨子·魯問》:“魯人有因子墨子而學其子者。”

處:

(一)①停留;休息。韓愈《答李翊書》:“處若忘,行若遺,儼乎其若思,茫乎其若迷。”②居住。屈原《九章·涉江》:“幽獨處乎山中。”范仲淹《嶽陽樓記》:“居廟堂之高,則憂其民,處江湖之遠,則憂其君。”③安;存。《史記·李斯列傳》:“人之賢不肖譬如鼠矣,在所自處耳。”④交往;相處。文天祥《指南錄後序》:“與貴酋相處二十日,爭曲直,屢當死。”⑤處置;辦理。《孔雀東南飛》:“處分適兄意,那得自任專!”⑥處罰。《晉書·食貨志》:“人間巧偽漸多,競濕谷以要(yāo)利,作薄絹以為市,雖處以嚴刑而不能禁也。”(要:求取。) (二)chù 處所;地方。《漢書·張騫傳》:“知水草處,軍得以不乏。”

尤:

①過錯;罪愆。《論語·為政》:“言寡尤,行寡悔。”②責怪;責備。《左傳·襄公三十年》:“非相違也,而相從也,四國何尤焉!”③優秀的;突出的。《莊子·徐無鬼》:“夫子,物之尤也。”④特指女子容貌絕美。《左傳·襄公二十六年》:“(棄)長而美……公見棄也,而視之,尤。”(棄:人名。公:指宋平公。)⑤親近;愛昵。羅隱《春日湘中題嶽麓寺僧舍》:“欲共高僧話心跡,野花芳草奈相尤。”⑥副詞。尤其;更加。《漢書·辛慶忌傳》:“居處恭儉,食飲被服尤節約。”

堪:

①承受得起。《左傳·隱公元年》:“今京不度,非制也。君將不堪。”《後漢書·朱俊傳》:“副相國,非臣所堪也。”嵇康《與山巨源絕交書》:“吾直性狹中,多所不堪,偶與足下相知耳。”(狹中:心地狹窄。)②可以;能夠。《尚書·多方》:“惟爾多方,罔堪顧之。”陸遊《書憤》:“出師一表真名世,千載誰堪伯仲間?”(誰堪伯仲:伯仲,比喻不相上下。即誰能夠相比。)

羨:

(一)①羨慕,因喜愛而希望得到。蘇軾《前赤壁賦》:“哀吾生之須臾,羨長江之無窮。”②豐饒有餘。《孟子·滕文公下》:“以羨補不足,則農有餘栗,女有餘佈。”③超過。司馬相如《上林賦》:“功羨於五帝。”④漫溢;泛濫。《漢書·溝洫志》:“然河災之羨溢,害中國也尤甚。”(河:黃河。中國:指黃河流域。)(二) yán ①通“延”。邀請;引進。張衡《東京賦》:“乃羨公侯卿士,登自東除。”(除:臺階。)②墓道。後作“埏”。《史記·衛康叔世傢》:“共伯入釐侯羨自殺。衛人因葬之釐侯旁。”

gong :

①gong zheng ;gong ping 。《lv shi chun qiu ·qu si 》:“wai ju bu bi chou ,nei ju bu bi qin ,qi huang yang ke wei gong yi 。”②gong gong de ;gong jia de 。chen liang 《shang xiao zong huang di di san shu 》:“er sheng bei shou zhi tong ,gai guo jia zhi da chi er tian xia zhi gong fen ye 。”③gong ran ;gong kai de 。gu yi 《lun ji zhu shu 》:“can zei gong hang ,mo zhi huo zhi 。”(can zei :hai 。)④gong jia ,yu “si ”xiang dui 。《shi jing ·bin feng · qi yue 》:“suo jian yu gong 。”⑤tong “gong ”。gong lao 。《shi jing ·xiao ya ·liu yue 》:“bao fa xian yun ,yi zou fu gong 。”⑥gu dai wu deng jue de di yi deng 。《meng zi ·mo zhang xia 》:“tian zi yi wei ,gong yi wei ,hou yi wei ,bai yi wei ,zi 、nan tong yi wei 。”you wei zhu hou de tong chen 。《li ji ·sang fu da ji 》:“gong zhi sang ,da fu qi lian ,shi cu ku er gui 。”(lian :sang fu 。)⑦gu dai chao ting guan jie de di yi ji 。《han shu ·bai guan gong qing biao shang 》:“tai shi 、tai fu 、tai bao ,shi wei san gong 。”hou fan zhi chao zhong zhi zhang quan zhe 。li bai 《hang lu nan 》:“han chao gong qing ji gu sheng 。”⑧dui nan zi de jing chen 。《shi ji ·chen she shi jia 》:“gong deng yu yu ,jie yi shi ji ,shi ji dang zhan 。”⑨jiu chen qin shu zhong de zun chang 。1.chen zu fu 。《lv shi chun qiu ·yi yong 》:“kong zi zhi di zi cong yuan fang lai zhe ,kong zi he (hè)zhang er wen zhi yue :‘zi zhi gong bu you yang hu ?’bo zhang er yi zhi ,wen yue :‘zi zhi fu mu bu you yang hu ?’”(bo zhang :fu zhang 。)2. chen fu qin 。《zhan guo ce ·wei ce yi 》:“jiang hang ,ji zi chen ying zhi ji gong zhi hang 。”3.chen zhang fu zhi fu 。gu le fu 《gu shi wei jiao zhong qing qi zuo 》:“feng shi xun gong lao ,jin zhi gan zi zhuan ?”(xun :shun cong 。lao :po po 。)⑩chen xiong xing de qin shou 。《ji min yao shu ·zuo jiang fa 》:“mu xie qi da ,yuan ,jing fu xia ,gong xie xia er chang 。”

nan :

(yi )nán kun nan ;jian nan 。yu “yi ”xiang dui 。《lao zi 》di er zhang :“gu you mo xiang sheng ,nan yi xiang cheng 。”li bai 《shu dao nan 》:“shu dao zhi nan ,nan yu shang qing tian 。” (er )nàn ①zai nan ;huo huan 。《sun zi ·mou gong 》:“san jun ji huo ju yi ,ze zhu hou zhi nan zhi yi 。”《han fei zi ·wu du 》:“jian jia li bing yi bei nan 。”(li bing :mo kuai bing qi 。)te zhi bing nan ,fan kang huo pan luan 。gu yi 《guo qin lun 》:“yi fu zuo nan er qi miao hui 。”(qi miao :tian zi de zong miao 。hui :hui huai 。)su shi 《chao cuo lun 》:“wei ren ren jun zi hao jie zhi shi ,neng chu shen wei tian xia fan da nan ,yi qiu cheng da gong 。”②yuan chou 。《zhan guo ce ·qin ce yi 》:“yi yu zhou wu wei nan 。”(zhou wu :zhou wu wang 。)《shi ji ·zhang yi lie chuan 》:“chu chang yu qin gou nan ,zhan yu han zhong 。”③ze bei ;ze nan 。《meng zi ·li lou xia 》:“yu qin shou you he nan yan ?”you jie wen ;fan bo 。《lun heng ·wen kong 》:“zao nan kong zi ,he shang yu yi ?”wang an dan 《da si ma jian yi shu 》:“bi xie shui ,nan ren ren 。”(ren ren :ning ren ,qiao yan chan mei de xiao ren 。)you bian bo de guan dian ,lun dian 。《han shu ·gao di ji 》:“(han wang )yi wen zhang liang ,liang fa ba nan 。” (san )nuó ①mao cheng de yang zi 。《shi jing ·xiao ya ·xi sang 》:“xi sang you a ,ji xie you nan 。”(a :tong “e ”,rou mei de yang zi 。)②qu zhu yi gui 。hou lai xie zuo “nuo ”。《zhou li ·xia guan ·fang xiang shi 》:“shuai bai li er shi nan ,yi suo shi qu yi 。”

xue :

(yi )①xue xi 。《lun yu ·ji shi 》:“bu xue ,mo yi yan 。”②fang xiao 。③xue jiao 。《meng zi ·teng wen gong shang 》:“xia yue jiao ,yan yue xu ,zhou yue xiang ,xue ze san dai gong zhi 。”④xue wen ;xue shi 。《han fei zi ·wai chu shui zuo shang 》:“ji xue shen bo 。”⑤xue shui ;xue pa 。《han fei zi ·xian xue 》:“shi zhi xian xue ,ru mo ye 。” (er )jiào jiao dao 。hou zuo “jiao ”。《mo zi ·lu wen 》:“lu ren you yin zi mo zi er xue ji zi zhe 。”

chu :

(yi )①ting liu ;xiu xi 。han yu 《da li yi shu 》:“chu re wang ,hang re wei ,yan hu ji re sai ,mang hu ji re mi 。”②ju zhu 。qu yuan 《jiu zhang ·she jiang 》:“you du chu hu shan zhong 。”fan zhong yan 《yue yang lou ji 》:“ju miao tang zhi gao ,ze you ji min ,chu jiang hu zhi yuan ,ze you ji jun 。”③an ;cun 。《shi ji ·li si lie chuan 》:“ren zhi xian bu xiao pi ru shu yi ,zai suo zi chu er 。”④jiao wang ;xiang chu 。wen tian xiang 《zhi na lu hou xu 》:“yu gui qiu xiang chu er shi ri ,zheng qu zhi ,lv dang si 。”⑤chu zhi ;ban li 。《kong qiao dong na fei 》:“chu fen kuo xiong yi ,na de zi ren zhuan !”⑥chu fa 。《jin shu ·shi huo zhi 》:“ren jian qiao wei jian duo ,jing shi gu yi yao (yāo)li ,zuo bao juan yi wei shi ,sui chu yi yan xing er bu neng jin ye 。”(yao :qiu qu 。) (er )chù chu suo ;de fang 。《han shu ·zhang jian chuan 》:“zhi shui cao chu ,jun de yi bu fa 。”

you :

①guo cuo ;zui qian 。《lun yu ·wei zheng 》:“yan gua you ,hang gua hui 。”②ze guai ;ze bei 。《zuo chuan ·xiang gong san shi nian 》:“fei xiang wei ye ,er xiang cong ye ,si guo he you yan !”③you xiu de ;tu chu de 。《zhuang zi ·xu mo gui 》:“fu zi ,wu zhi you ye 。”④te zhi nv zi rong mao jue mei 。《zuo chuan ·xiang gong er shi liu nian 》:“(qi )chang er mei ……gong jian qi ye ,er shi zhi ,you 。”(qi :ren ming 。gong :zhi song ping gong 。)⑤qin jin ;ai ni 。luo yin 《chun ri xiang zhong ti yue lu si seng she 》:“yu gong gao seng hua xin ji ,ye hua fang cao nai xiang you 。”⑥fu ci 。you ji ;geng jia 。《han shu ·xin qing ji chuan 》:“ju chu gong jian ,shi yin bei fu you jie yao 。”

kan :

①cheng shou de qi 。《zuo chuan ·yin gong yuan nian 》:“jin jing bu du ,fei zhi ye 。jun jiang bu kan 。”《hou han shu ·zhu jun chuan 》:“fu xiang guo ,fei chen suo kan ye 。”ji kang 《yu shan ju yuan jue jiao shu 》:“wu zhi xing xia zhong ,duo suo bu kan ,ou yu zu xia xiang zhi er 。”(xia zhong :xin de xia zhai 。)②ke yi ;neng gou 。《shang shu ·duo fang 》:“wei er duo fang ,wang kan gu zhi 。”liu you 《shu fen 》:“chu shi yi biao zhen ming shi ,qian zai shei kan bai zhong jian ?”(shei kan bai zhong :bai zhong ,bi yu bu xiang shang xia 。ji shei neng gou xiang bi 。)

xian :

(yi )①xian mu ,yin xi ai er xi wang de dao 。su shi 《qian chi bi fu 》:“ai wu sheng zhi xu yu ,xian chang jiang zhi mo qiong 。”②feng rao you yu 。《meng zi ·teng wen gong xia 》:“yi xian bu bu zu ,ze nong you yu li ,nv you yu bu 。”③chao guo 。si ma xiang ru 《shang lin fu 》:“gong xian yu wu di 。”④man yi ;fan lan 。《han shu ·gou xu zhi 》:“ran he zai zhi xian yi ,hai zhong guo ye you shen 。”(he :huang he 。zhong guo :zhi huang he liu yu 。)(er ) yán ①tong “yan ”。yao qing ;yin jin 。zhang heng 《dong jing fu 》:“nai xian gong hou qing shi ,deng zi dong chu 。”(chu :tai jie 。)②mu dao 。hou zuo “shan ”。《shi ji ·wei kang shu shi jia 》:“gong bai ru 釐hou xian zi sha 。wei ren yin zang zhi 釐hou pang 。”