來:

(一)①小麥。《詩經·周頌·思文》:“貽我來牟。”②由彼至此,由遠到近。跟“去”、“往”相反。《孫子兵法·九地》:“我可以往,彼可以來者,為交地。”賀知章《回鄉偶書》:“兒童相見不相識,笑問客從何處來?”③使……來;招致;招來。也作“徠”。司馬遷《史記·文帝本紀》:“將何以來遠方之賢良?”④某一時間以後。《孟子·盡心下》:“由孔子而來,至於今,百有餘歲。”⑤將來;未來。陶潛《歸去來兮辭》:“悟已往之不諫,知來者之可追。”(諫:改正。追:追求。)《孟子·滕文公下》:“如知其非義,斯速已矣,何待來年?”(斯:則。已:停止。)⑥句末助詞。《莊子·人間世》:“嘗以語我來。”《孟子·離婁上》:“盍歸乎來!” (二)lài 慰勞。《詩經·小雅·大東》:“東人之子,職勞不來。”(職:主管。勞lào:慰勞)

假:

(一)①借;貸。《左傳·僖公五年》:“晉侯復假道於虞以伐虢。”《孟子·梁惠王上》:“久假而不歸。”(歸:歸還。)《後漢書·張禹傳》:“假於種(zhǒng)糧。”(種:種子。)②憑借;依靠。《呂氏春秋·用眾》:“故假人者遂有天下。”《荀子·勸學》:“假輿(yū)馬者,非利足也,而致千裡;假舟楫(jí)者,非能水也,而絕江河。君子生非異也,善假於物也。”③虛假;不真實。與“真”相對。《顏氏傢訓·勉學》:“假言而奸露。”④給予。《逸周書·史記》:“任之以國,假之以權。”⑤寬縱;寬容。《後漢書·和熹鄧皇後紀》:“自是親屬犯罪,無所假貸。”(是:此。貸:寬恕。)《北史·魏世祖紀》:“大臣犯法,無所寬假。”⑥暫時代理。《漢書·項籍傳》:“會稽假守(殷)通素賢(項)梁,乃召與計事。”《史記·淮陰侯列傳》:“不為假王以鎮之,其勢不定。”⑦連詞。如果。《列子·楊朱》:“楊子曰:‘世固非一毛之所濟。’禽子曰:‘假濟,為之乎?’”(固:本來。濟:救助。為:做。)《新序·雜事四》:“假有賢於子方者,君又何以加之?” (二)jià 假期。《隋書·禮儀志四》:“學生每十日給假。”《三國志·吳書·諸葛融傳》:“休吏假卒,或不遠千裡而造焉。”

來:

(一)①小麥。《詩經·周頌·思文》:“貽我來牟。”②由彼至此,由遠到近。跟“去”、“往”相反。《孫子兵法·九地》:“我可以往,彼可以來者,為交地。”賀知章《回鄉偶書》:“兒童相見不相識,笑問客從何處來?”③使……來;招致;招來。也作“徠”。司馬遷《史記·文帝本紀》:“將何以來遠方之賢良?”④某一時間以後。《孟子·盡心下》:“由孔子而來,至於今,百有餘歲。”⑤將來;未來。陶潛《歸去來兮辭》:“悟已往之不諫,知來者之可追。”(諫:改正。追:追求。)《孟子·滕文公下》:“如知其非義,斯速已矣,何待來年?”(斯:則。已:停止。)⑥句末助詞。《莊子·人間世》:“嘗以語我來。”《孟子·離婁上》:“盍歸乎來!” (二)lài 慰勞。《詩經·小雅·大東》:“東人之子,職勞不來。”(職:主管。勞lào:慰勞)

饗:

①鄉人聚會飲酒。《詩經·豳風·七月》:“朋酒斯饗,曰殺羔羊。”(朋酒:兩壇酒。)②用酒食款待人;犒勞。《左傳·僖公十二年》:“王以上卿之禮饗管仲。”③通“享”。1. 向鬼神奉獻祭品。曹植《精微篇》:“備禮饗神祗。”2. 享有;享受。《晉書·郭璞傳》:“夫寅畏者所以饗福,怠傲者所以招患。”(寅畏:小心謹慎。)

降:

(一)①從高處往下走。《詩經·鄘風·定之方中》:“降觀於桑。”(桑:桑林。)《論語·鄉黨》:“出,降一等,逞顏色,怡怡如也。”《左傳·莊公三十二年》:“有神降於莘。”(莘:地名。)《荀子·議兵》:“若時雨之降,莫不說喜。”(說yuè:喜悅。)②落下。賈誼《鵬(fú)鳥賦》:“雲蒸雨降兮,糾錯相紛。”(糾錯:交錯。)③降生。屈原《離騷》:“惟庚寅吾以降。”(惟:語氣詞。庚寅:指庚寅日。)龔自珍《己亥雜詩》一百二十五:“我勸天公重抖擻,不拘一格降人材。”④貶低;降低。《論語·微子》:“不降其志,不辱其身。”⑤降給;授予。《孟子·告子下》:“故天將降大任於斯人也,必先苦其心志,勞其筋骨。”⑥降職;降級。《左傳·昭公六年》:“有犯命者,君子廢,小人降!”《尚書·蔡仲之命》:“降霍叔於庶人。”《史記·李斯列傳》:“如此不禁,則主勢降乎上,黨與成乎下。”(黨與:朋黨。)⑦下傳;傳到……時候。柳宗元《封建論》:“然而將於夷王,害禮傷尊,下堂而迎覲見者。” (二)xiáng ①投降。《資治通鑒·漢獻帝建安十三年》:“先以書遺操,詐雲欲降。”(遺wèi:送給。)劉禹錫《贈日本僧智藏》:“深夜降龍潭水黑。”《三國志·魏書·武帝紀》:“儀及其眾皆降。”②喜悅。《詩經· 召南·草蟲》:“亦既覯(gòu)止,我心則降。”(覯:遇見。止:語氣詞。)③和;同。《左傳·哀公二十六年》:“六卿三族降聽政。”(三族:指宋國的皇、靈、樂三族。)

福:

①福氣;幸運。《戰國策·秦策三》:“主聖臣賢,天下之福也。”②賜福;保佑。《左傳·莊公十年》:“小信未孚,神弗福也。”(孚:偏。)③祭祀用過的酒肉。《周禮·天官·膳夫》:“凡祭祀之致福者,受而膳之。”④古時婦女行禮叫“福”。《官場現形記》第四十回:“馬老爺才趕過來作揖,瞿太太也隻得福瞭一福。”⑤通“幅”。佈帛的寬度。《睡虎地秦墓竹簡·秦律·金佈律》:“佈袤(mào)八尺,福廣二尺五寸。”(袤:長。)

無:

①沒有。跟“有”相對。陸遊《遊山西村》:“山重水復疑無路。”②副詞。表示否定,相當於“不”。《商君書·農戰》:“民以此為教,則粟焉得無少,而兵焉得弱也?”③連詞。表示條件,相當於“無論”、“不論”。《詩經·魯頌·灃水》:“不小不大,從公於邁。”④通“毋”。不要。《古詩源·箜篌引》:“公無渡河,公竟渡河。墮河而死,當奈公何!”⑤非;不是。《管子·形勢》:“則國非其國,而民無其民也。”⑥語氣詞。用於疑問句末,表示疑問,相當於“否”。白居易《問劉十九》:“晚來天欲雪,能飲一杯無?”

疆:

①邊境;邊界。《詩經·大雅·皇矣》:“侵自阮疆。”(阮:古代諸侯國名。)《孟子·公孫醜下》:“域民不以封疆之界,固國不以山溪之險。”(域:使定居。)杜荀鶴《送友遊吳越》:“去越從吳過,吳疆與越連。”②疆域;疆土。張說《郭公神道碑銘》:“為人臣,恢疆禦侮,以勞定國,不亦忠乎?”(恢:恢復。禦:抵抗。侮:欺負。)③田界;田邊。張衡《東京賦》:“兆民勸於疆埸(yì),感懋(mào)力以耘耔(zǐ)。”(勸:勉勵。埸:田界。懋:勸勉。耘籽:除草培土。)④止境;極限。王褒《聖主得賢臣頌》:“休征自至,壽考無疆。”《詩經·豳風·七月》:“稱彼兕觥,萬壽無疆。”(休:吉慶。征:預兆。)⑤通“彊(強)”。強盛。《呂氏春秋·長攻》:“凡治存亡,安危疆弱,必有其遇,然後可成。”蔡邕《汝南周巨勝碑》:“疆禦不能奪其守。”

lai :

(yi )①xiao mai 。《shi jing ·zhou song ·sai wen 》:“yi wo lai mou 。”②you bi zhi ci ,you yuan dao jin 。gen “qu ”、“wang ”xiang fan 。《sun zi bing fa ·jiu de 》:“wo ke yi wang ,bi ke yi lai zhe ,wei jiao de 。”he zhi zhang 《hui xiang ou shu 》:“er tong xiang jian bu xiang shi ,xiao wen ke cong he chu lai ?”③shi ……lai ;qiao zhi ;qiao lai 。ye zuo “lai ”。si ma qian 《shi ji ·wen di ben ji 》:“jiang he yi lai yuan fang zhi xian liang ?”④mou yi shi jian yi hou 。《meng zi ·jin xin xia 》:“you kong zi er lai ,zhi yu jin ,bai you yu sui 。”⑤jiang lai ;wei lai 。tao qian 《gui qu lai xi ci 》:“wu yi wang zhi bu jian ,zhi lai zhe zhi ke zhui 。”(jian :gai zheng 。zhui :zhui qiu 。)《meng zi ·teng wen gong xia 》:“ru zhi ji fei yi ,si su yi yi ,he dai lai nian ?”(si :ze 。yi :ting zhi 。)⑥gou mo zhu ci 。《zhuang zi ·ren jian shi 》:“chang yi yu wo lai 。”《meng zi ·li lou shang 》:“he gui hu lai !” (er )lài wei lao 。《shi jing ·xiao ya ·da dong 》:“dong ren zhi zi ,zhi lao bu lai 。”(zhi :zhu guan 。lao lào:wei lao )

jia :

(yi )①jie ;dai 。《zuo chuan ·xi gong wu nian 》:“jin hou fu jia dao yu yu yi fa guo 。”《meng zi ·liang hui wang shang 》:“jiu jia er bu gui 。”(gui :gui hai 。)《hou han shu ·zhang yu chuan 》:“jia yu chong (zhǒng)liang 。”(chong :chong zi 。)②ping jie ;yi kao 。《lv shi chun qiu ·yong zhong 》:“gu jia ren zhe sui you tian xia 。”《xun zi ·quan xue 》:“jia yu (yū)ma zhe ,fei li zu ye ,er zhi qian li ;jia zhou ji (jí)zhe ,fei neng shui ye ,er jue jiang he 。jun zi sheng fei yi ye ,shan jia yu wu ye 。”③xu jia ;bu zhen shi 。yu “zhen ”xiang dui 。《yan shi jia xun ·mian xue 》:“jia yan er jian lou 。”④gei yu 。《yi zhou shu ·shi ji 》:“ren zhi yi guo ,jia zhi yi quan 。”⑤kuan zong ;kuan rong 。《hou han shu ·he xi deng huang hou ji 》:“zi shi qin shu fan zui ,mo suo jia dai 。”(shi :ci 。dai :kuan shu 。)《bei shi ·wei shi zu ji 》:“da chen fan fa ,mo suo kuan jia 。”⑥zan shi dai li 。《han shu ·xiang ji chuan 》:“hui ji jia shou (yan )tong su xian (xiang )liang ,nai shao yu ji shi 。”《shi ji ·huai yin hou lie chuan 》:“bu wei jia wang yi zhen zhi ,ji shi bu ding 。”⑦lian ci 。ru guo 。《lie zi ·yang zhu 》:“yang zi yue :‘shi gu fei yi mao zhi suo ji 。’qin zi yue :‘jia ji ,wei zhi hu ?’”(gu :ben lai 。ji :jiu zhu 。wei :zuo 。)《xin xu ·za shi si 》:“jia you xian yu zi fang zhe ,jun you he yi jia zhi ?” (er )jià jia ji 。《sui shu ·li yi zhi si 》:“xue sheng mei shi ri gei jia 。”《san guo zhi ·wu shu ·zhu ge rong chuan 》:“xiu li jia cu ,huo bu yuan qian li er zao yan 。”

lai :

(yi )①xiao mai 。《shi jing ·zhou song ·sai wen 》:“yi wo lai mou 。”②you bi zhi ci ,you yuan dao jin 。gen “qu ”、“wang ”xiang fan 。《sun zi bing fa ·jiu de 》:“wo ke yi wang ,bi ke yi lai zhe ,wei jiao de 。”he zhi zhang 《hui xiang ou shu 》:“er tong xiang jian bu xiang shi ,xiao wen ke cong he chu lai ?”③shi ……lai ;qiao zhi ;qiao lai 。ye zuo “lai ”。si ma qian 《shi ji ·wen di ben ji 》:“jiang he yi lai yuan fang zhi xian liang ?”④mou yi shi jian yi hou 。《meng zi ·jin xin xia 》:“you kong zi er lai ,zhi yu jin ,bai you yu sui 。”⑤jiang lai ;wei lai 。tao qian 《gui qu lai xi ci 》:“wu yi wang zhi bu jian ,zhi lai zhe zhi ke zhui 。”(jian :gai zheng 。zhui :zhui qiu 。)《meng zi ·teng wen gong xia 》:“ru zhi ji fei yi ,si su yi yi ,he dai lai nian ?”(si :ze 。yi :ting zhi 。)⑥gou mo zhu ci 。《zhuang zi ·ren jian shi 》:“chang yi yu wo lai 。”《meng zi ·li lou shang 》:“he gui hu lai !” (er )lài wei lao 。《shi jing ·xiao ya ·da dong 》:“dong ren zhi zi ,zhi lao bu lai 。”(zhi :zhu guan 。lao lào:wei lao )

xiang :

①xiang ren ju hui yin jiu 。《shi jing ·bin feng ·qi yue 》:“peng jiu si xiang ,yue sha gao yang 。”(peng jiu :liang tan jiu 。)②yong jiu shi kuan dai ren ;kao lao 。《zuo chuan ·xi gong shi er nian 》:“wang yi shang qing zhi li xiang guan zhong 。”③tong “xiang ”。1. xiang gui shen feng suo ji pin 。cao zhi 《jing wei pian 》:“bei li xiang shen zhi 。”2. xiang you ;xiang shou 。《jin shu ·guo pu chuan 》:“fu yin wei zhe suo yi xiang fu ,dai ao zhe suo yi qiao huan 。”(yin wei :xiao xin jin shen 。)

jiang :

(yi )①cong gao chu wang xia zou 。《shi jing ·yong feng ·ding zhi fang zhong 》:“jiang guan yu sang 。”(sang :sang lin 。)《lun yu ·xiang dang 》:“chu ,jiang yi deng ,cheng yan se ,yi yi ru ye 。”《zuo chuan ·zhuang gong san shi er nian 》:“you shen jiang yu shen 。”(shen :de ming 。)《xun zi ·yi bing 》:“re shi yu zhi jiang ,mo bu shui xi 。”(shui yuè:xi yue 。)②la xia 。gu yi 《peng (fú)diao fu 》:“yun zheng yu jiang xi ,jiu cuo xiang fen 。”(jiu cuo :jiao cuo 。)③jiang sheng 。qu yuan 《li sao 》:“wei geng yin wu yi jiang 。”(wei :yu qi ci 。geng yin :zhi geng yin ri 。)gong zi zhen 《ji hai za shi 》yi bai er shi wu :“wo quan tian gong chong dou sou ,bu ju yi ge jiang ren cai 。”④bian di ;jiang di 。《lun yu ·wei zi 》:“bu jiang ji zhi ,bu ru ji shen 。”⑤jiang gei ;shou yu 。《meng zi ·gao zi xia 》:“gu tian jiang jiang da ren yu si ren ye ,bi xian ku ji xin zhi ,lao ji jin gu 。”⑥jiang zhi ;jiang ji 。《zuo chuan ·zhao gong liu nian 》:“you fan ming zhe ,jun zi fei ,xiao ren jiang !”《shang shu ·cai zhong zhi ming 》:“jiang huo shu yu shu ren 。”《shi ji ·li si lie chuan 》:“ru ci bu jin ,ze zhu shi jiang hu shang ,dang yu cheng hu xia 。”(dang yu :peng dang 。)⑦xia chuan ;chuan dao ……shi hou 。liu zong yuan 《feng jian lun 》:“ran er jiang yu yi wang ,hai li shang zun ,xia tang er ying jin jian zhe 。” (er )xiáng ①tou jiang 。《zi zhi tong jian ·han suo di jian an shi san nian 》:“xian yi shu wei cao ,zha yun yu jiang 。”(wei wèi:song gei 。)liu yu xi 《zeng ri ben seng zhi cang 》:“shen ye jiang long tan shui hei 。”《san guo zhi ·wei shu ·wu di ji 》:“yi ji ji zhong jie jiang 。”②xi yue 。《shi jing · shao na ·cao chong 》:“yi ji gou (gòu)zhi ,wo xin ze jiang 。”(gou :yu jian 。zhi :yu qi ci 。)③he ;tong 。《zuo chuan ·ai gong er shi liu nian 》:“liu qing san zu jiang ting zheng 。”(san zu :zhi song guo de huang 、ling 、le san zu 。)

fu :

①fu qi ;xing yun 。《zhan guo ce ·qin ce san 》:“zhu sheng chen xian ,tian xia zhi fu ye 。”②ci fu ;bao you 。《zuo chuan ·zhuang gong shi nian 》:“xiao xin wei fu ,shen fu fu ye 。”(fu :pian 。)③ji si yong guo de jiu rou 。《zhou li ·tian guan ·shan fu 》:“fan ji si zhi zhi fu zhe ,shou er shan zhi 。”④gu shi fu nv hang li jiao “fu ”。《guan chang xian xing ji 》di si shi hui :“ma lao ye cai gan guo lai zuo yi ,ju tai tai ye zhi de fu le yi fu 。”⑤tong “fu ”。bu bo de kuan du 。《shui hu de qin mu zhu jian ·qin lv ·jin bu lv 》:“bu mao (mào)ba che ,fu an er che wu cun 。”(mao :chang 。)

mo :

①mei you 。gen “you ”xiang dui 。liu you 《you shan xi cun 》:“shan chong shui fu yi mo lu 。”②fu ci 。biao shi fou ding ,xiang dang yu “bu ”。《shang jun shu ·nong zhan 》:“min yi ci wei jiao ,ze su yan de mo shao ,er bing yan de ruo ye ?”③lian ci 。biao shi tiao jian ,xiang dang yu “mo lun ”、“bu lun ”。《shi jing ·lu song ·feng shui 》:“bu xiao bu da ,cong gong yu mai 。”④tong “wu ”。bu yao 。《gu shi yuan ·kong hou yin 》:“gong mo du he ,gong jing du he 。duo he er si ,dang nai gong he !”⑤fei ;bu shi 。《guan zi ·xing shi 》:“ze guo fei ji guo ,er min mo ji min ye 。”⑥yu qi ci 。yong yu yi wen gou mo ,biao shi yi wen ,xiang dang yu “fou ”。bai ju yi 《wen liu shi jiu 》:“wan lai tian yu xue ,neng yin yi bei mo ?”

jiang :

①bian jing ;bian jie 。《shi jing ·da ya ·huang yi 》:“qin zi ruan jiang 。”(ruan :gu dai zhu hou guo ming 。)《meng zi ·gong sun chou xia 》:“yu min bu yi feng jiang zhi jie ,gu guo bu yi shan xi zhi xian 。”(yu :shi ding ju 。)du xun he 《song you you wu yue 》:“qu yue cong wu guo ,wu jiang yu yue lian 。”②jiang yu ;jiang tu 。zhang shui 《guo gong shen dao bei ming 》:“wei ren chen ,hui jiang yu wu ,yi lao ding guo ,bu yi zhong hu ?”(hui :hui fu 。yu :di kang 。wu :qi fu 。)③tian jie ;tian bian 。zhang heng 《dong jing fu 》:“zhao min quan yu jiang yi (yì),gan mao (mào)li yi yun zi (zǐ)。”(quan :mian li 。yi :tian jie 。mao :quan mian 。yun zi :chu cao pei tu 。)④zhi jing ;ji xian 。wang bao 《sheng zhu de xian chen song 》:“xiu zheng zi zhi ,shou kao mo jiang 。”《shi jing ·bin feng ·qi yue 》:“chen bi si gong ,mo shou mo jiang 。”(xiu :ji qing 。zheng :yu zhao 。)⑤tong “彊(jiang )”。jiang cheng 。《lv shi chun qiu ·chang gong 》:“fan zhi cun wang ,an wei jiang ruo ,bi you ji yu ,ran hou ke cheng 。”cai yong 《ru na zhou ju sheng bei 》:“jiang yu bu neng duo ji shou 。”