古:

①往昔;歷時久遠。與“今”相對。《周易·系辭下》:“上古穴居野處,後世聖人易之以宮室。”(易:換。宮室:房舍。)蘇軾《水調歌頭》:“人有悲歡離合,月有陰晴圓缺,此事古難全。”②指古代的事物;舊;原來。《古詩十九首》之十六:“良人惟古歡,枉駕惠前綏。”③久遠;古老。趙與時《賓退錄》卷三:“客土二字,其來甚古。”④古體詩的簡稱。或稱古風、古詩。與近體詩相對,不受平仄、對仗等格律的限制,形式比較自由。《詩藪·古體上》:“歌至五、七言古,全不入樂矣。”

勸:

①勉勵;鼓勵;獎勵。《左傳·成公十四年》:“懲惡而勸善,非聖人誰能修之?”晁錯《論貴粟疏》:“三曰勸農耕。”②受鼓勵。《韓非子·顯學》:“夫有功者必賞,則爵祿厚而愈勸。”③進言鼓勵;勸說;勸阻。《呂氏春秋·慎行》:“王為建取妻於秦而美,無忌勸王奪。”④努力。《鹽鐵論·未通》:“故牧民之道,除其所疾,適其所安,安而不擾,使而不勞,是以百姓勸業而樂公賦。”(牧:統治。公賦:國傢的賦稅。)

加:

①誣枉。《荀子·致士》:“殘賊加累譖,君子不用。”又指誇大失實。《左傳·莊公十年》:“犧牲玉帛弗敢加也,必以信。”②增加;超過。《論語·子路》:“既富矣,又何加焉?”《呂氏春秋·長利》:“若夫欲利人之心,不可以加矣。”③把此物放彼物上。《後漢書·逸民傳·嚴光》:“因共偃臥,光以足加帝腹上。”《呂氏春秋·用民》:“劍皆加於肩。”又指穿戴。劉晝《新論·慎獨》:“人之須善,猶首之須冠,足之待履。首不加冠,是越類也;行不躡履,是夷民也。”(越類:越人一類;古時越人披發文身。不躡履:赤腳,不穿鞋。)④施加;予以。《史記·孔子世傢》:“(孔子)曰:‘匹夫而營惑諸侯者罪當誅! 請命有司!’有司加法焉,手足異處。”《戰國策·魏策四》:“大王加惠,以小易大,甚善。”⑤擔任;晉升。《孟子·公孫醜上》:“夫子加齊之卿相,得行道焉。”《漢書·百官公卿表上》:“侍中、左右曹、諸吏、散騎、中常侍,皆加官,所加或列侯、將軍、卿大夫……至郎中,亡(wú)員,多至數十人。”(亡員:沒有實職。)⑥副詞。更;更加。王安石《遊褒禪山記》:“蓋餘所至,比好遊者尚不能十一,然視其左右,來而記之者已少。蓋其又深則其至又加少矣。”《荀子·王霸》:“萬乘之國可謂廣大富厚矣,加有治辨強固之道焉。若是則恬愉無患難矣。”

餐:

①吃;吃飯。李白《北上行》:“草木不可餐,饑飲零露漿。”(零露:露水。)②飯食。《韓非子·十過》:“充之以餐。”(充:充滿。)③量詞。用於飯食的頓數。《莊子·逍遙遊》:“三餐而反,腹猶果然。”

此:

①代詞。這;這個。《孟子·公孫醜下》:“彼一時,此一時也。”《禮記·禮運》:“此之謂大同。”②這樣;這般。庾信《哀江南賦》:“天何為而此醉。”③副詞。乃;則。《後漢書·黃瓊傳》:“必待堯舜之君,此為志士終無時矣。”

餐:

①吃;吃飯。李白《北上行》:“草木不可餐,饑飲零露漿。”(零露:露水。)②飯食。《韓非子·十過》:“充之以餐。”(充:充滿。)③量詞。用於飯食的頓數。《莊子·逍遙遊》:“三餐而反,腹猶果然。”

難:

(一)nán 困難;艱難。與“易”相對。《老子》第二章:“故有無相生,難易相成。”李白《蜀道難》:“蜀道之難,難於上青天。” (二)nàn ①災難;禍患。《孫子·謀攻》:“三軍既惑且疑,則諸侯之難至矣。”《韓非子·五蠹》:“堅甲厲兵以備難。”(厲兵:磨快兵器。)特指兵難,反抗或叛亂。賈誼《過秦論》:“一夫作難而七廟隳。”(七廟:天子的宗廟。隳 :毀壞。)蘇軾《晁錯論》:“惟仁人君子豪傑之士,能出身為天下犯大難,以求成大功。”②怨仇。《戰國策·秦策一》:“以與周武為難。”(周武:周武王。)《史記·張儀列傳》:“楚嘗與秦構難,戰於漢中。”③責備;責難。《孟子·離婁下》:“於禽獸又何難焉?”又詰問;反駁。《論衡·問孔》:“造難孔子,何傷於義?”王安石《答司馬諫議書》:“辟邪說,難壬人。”(壬人:佞人,巧言諂媚的小人。)又辯駁的觀點,論點。《漢書·高帝紀》:“(漢王)以問張良,良發八難。” (三)nuó ①茂盛的樣子。《詩經·小雅·隰桑》:“隰桑有阿,其葉有難。”(阿:通“婀”,柔美的樣子。)②驅逐疫鬼。後來寫作“儺”。《周禮·夏官·方相氏》:“帥百隸而時難,以索室驅疫。”

自:

①自己。《詩經·大雅·文王》:“永言配命,自求多福。”(言:通“焉”。配命:合乎天命。)《老子》:“知人者智,自知者明。”②親自。宋濂《送東陽馬生序》:“每假借於藏書之傢,手自筆錄,計日以還。”《史記·蕭相國世傢》:“高祖自將。”③自然。《史記·李將軍列傳》:“諺曰:‘桃李無言,下自成蹊。’”(蹊:小徑;小路。)④介詞。1.從。《孟子·滕文公上》:“有為神農之言者許行,自楚之滕。”(神農:傳說為古代造耒耜、興農業的帝王。許行:當時的農學傢。)《論語·學而》:“有朋自遠方來。”2. 由於。《史記·屈原賈生列傳》:“屈平之作《離騷》,蓋自怨生也。”《漢書·灌夫傳》:“侯自我得之,自我捐之,無所恨。”⑤連詞。表示假設。可譯為假如。《左傳·成公十六年》:“唯聖人能內外無患,自非聖人,外寧必有內憂。”⑥連詞。表示假設的讓步。可譯為即使。《漢書·高祖紀下》:“高祖不修文學,而性明達,好謀能聽,自監門戍卒,見之如舊。”又《杜周傳》:“自京師不曉,況於遠方?”

強:

(一)①弓有力。《戰國策·韓策》:“夫天下強弓勁弩皆自韓出。”②強壯;有力。《詩經·周頌·載芟(shān)》:“侯強侯以。”(侯:助詞。以:弱。)《荀子 · 勸學》:“蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強。”③強大;強盛。《鹽鐵論·非鞅》:“秦任商君,國以富強。”④加強;增強。《荀子·天論》:“強本而節用,則天不能貧。”⑤有餘;略多。《木蘭詩》:“賞賜百千強。”⑥超過;勝過。《史記·平原君虞卿列傳》:“毛先生以三寸之舌,強於百萬之師。” (二)qiǎng ①強迫。《晉書·郭翻傳》:“(庾翼)躬往造翻,欲強起之。”(躬:親自。造:拜訪。起:起用。)②竭力;盡力。《戰國策·趙策四》:“太後不肯,大臣強諫。”③勉強。《史記·留侯世傢》:“留侯病,自強死。”

gu :

①wang xi ;li shi jiu yuan 。yu “jin ”xiang dui 。《zhou yi ·ji ci xia 》:“shang gu xue ju ye chu ,hou shi sheng ren yi zhi yi gong shi 。”(yi :huan 。gong shi :fang she 。)su shi 《shui diao ge tou 》:“ren you bei huan li ge ,yue you yin qing yuan que ,ci shi gu nan quan 。”②zhi gu dai de shi wu ;jiu ;yuan lai 。《gu shi shi jiu shou 》zhi shi liu :“liang ren wei gu huan ,wang jia hui qian sui 。”③jiu yuan ;gu lao 。zhao yu shi 《bin tui lu 》juan san :“ke tu er zi ,ji lai shen gu 。”④gu ti shi de jian chen 。huo chen gu feng 、gu shi 。yu jin ti shi xiang dui ,bu shou ping ze 、dui zhang deng ge lv de xian zhi ,xing shi bi jiao zi you 。《shi sou ·gu ti shang 》:“ge zhi wu 、qi yan gu ,quan bu ru le yi 。”

quan :

①mian li ;gu li ;jiang li 。《zuo chuan ·cheng gong shi si nian 》:“cheng e er quan shan ,fei sheng ren shei neng xiu zhi ?”chao cuo 《lun gui su shu 》:“san yue quan nong geng 。”②shou gu li 。《han fei zi ·xian xue 》:“fu you gong zhe bi shang ,ze jue lu hou er yu quan 。”③jin yan gu li ;quan shui ;quan zu 。《lv shi chun qiu ·shen hang 》:“wang wei jian qu qi yu qin er mei ,mo ji quan wang duo 。”④nu li 。《yan tie lun ·wei tong 》:“gu mu min zhi dao ,chu ji suo ji ,kuo ji suo an ,an er bu rao ,shi er bu lao ,shi yi bai xing quan ye er le gong fu 。”(mu :tong zhi 。gong fu :guo jia de fu shui 。)

jia :

①wu wang 。《xun zi ·zhi shi 》:“can zei jia lei zen ,jun zi bu yong 。”you zhi kua da shi shi 。《zuo chuan ·zhuang gong shi nian 》:“xi sheng yu bo fu gan jia ye ,bi yi xin 。”②zeng jia ;chao guo 。《lun yu ·zi lu 》:“ji fu yi ,you he jia yan ?”《lv shi chun qiu ·chang li 》:“re fu yu li ren zhi xin ,bu ke yi jia yi 。”③ba ci wu fang bi wu shang 。《hou han shu ·yi min chuan ·yan guang 》:“yin gong yan wo ,guang yi zu jia di fu shang 。”《lv shi chun qiu ·yong min 》:“jian jie jia yu jian 。”you zhi chuan dai 。liu zhou 《xin lun ·shen du 》:“ren zhi xu shan ,you shou zhi xu guan ,zu zhi dai lv 。shou bu jia guan ,shi yue lei ye ;hang bu nie lv ,shi yi min ye 。”(yue lei :yue ren yi lei ;gu shi yue ren pi fa wen shen 。bu nie lv :chi jiao ,bu chuan xie 。)④shi jia ;yu yi 。《shi ji ·kong zi shi jia 》:“(kong zi )yue :‘pi fu er ying huo zhu hou zhe zui dang zhu ! qing ming you si !’you si jia fa yan ,shou zu yi chu 。”《zhan guo ce ·wei ce si 》:“da wang jia hui ,yi xiao yi da ,shen shan 。”⑤dan ren ;jin sheng 。《meng zi ·gong sun chou shang 》:“fu zi jia ji zhi qing xiang ,de hang dao yan 。”《han shu ·bai guan gong qing biao shang 》:“shi zhong 、zuo you cao 、zhu li 、san ji 、zhong chang shi ,jie jia guan ,suo jia huo lie hou 、jiang jun 、qing da fu ……zhi lang zhong ,wang (wú)yuan ,duo zhi shu shi ren 。”(wang yuan :mei you shi zhi 。)⑥fu ci 。geng ;geng jia 。wang an dan 《you bao chan shan ji 》:“gai yu suo zhi ,bi hao you zhe shang bu neng shi yi ,ran shi ji zuo you ,lai er ji zhi zhe yi shao 。gai ji you shen ze ji zhi you jia shao yi 。”《xun zi ·wang ba 》:“mo cheng zhi guo ke wei an da fu hou yi ,jia you zhi bian jiang gu zhi dao yan 。re shi ze tian yu mo huan nan yi 。”

can :

①chi ;chi fan 。li bai 《bei shang hang 》:“cao mu bu ke can ,ji yin ling lou jiang 。”(ling lou :lou shui 。)②fan shi 。《han fei zi ·shi guo 》:“chong zhi yi can 。”(chong :chong man 。)③liang ci 。yong yu fan shi de du shu 。《zhuang zi ·xiao yao you 》:“san can er fan ,fu you guo ran 。”

ci :

①dai ci 。zhe ;zhe ge 。《meng zi ·gong sun chou xia 》:“bi yi shi ,ci yi shi ye 。”《li ji ·li yun 》:“ci zhi wei da tong 。”②zhe yang ;zhe ban 。yu xin 《ai jiang na fu 》:“tian he wei er ci zui 。”③fu ci 。nai ;ze 。《hou han shu ·huang qiong chuan 》:“bi dai yao shun zhi jun ,ci wei zhi shi zhong mo shi yi 。”

can :

①chi ;chi fan 。li bai 《bei shang hang 》:“cao mu bu ke can ,ji yin ling lou jiang 。”(ling lou :lou shui 。)②fan shi 。《han fei zi ·shi guo 》:“chong zhi yi can 。”(chong :chong man 。)③liang ci 。yong yu fan shi de du shu 。《zhuang zi ·xiao yao you 》:“san can er fan ,fu you guo ran 。”

nan :

(yi )nán kun nan ;jian nan 。yu “yi ”xiang dui 。《lao zi 》di er zhang :“gu you mo xiang sheng ,nan yi xiang cheng 。”li bai 《shu dao nan 》:“shu dao zhi nan ,nan yu shang qing tian 。” (er )nàn ①zai nan ;huo huan 。《sun zi ·mou gong 》:“san jun ji huo ju yi ,ze zhu hou zhi nan zhi yi 。”《han fei zi ·wu du 》:“jian jia li bing yi bei nan 。”(li bing :mo kuai bing qi 。)te zhi bing nan ,fan kang huo pan luan 。gu yi 《guo qin lun 》:“yi fu zuo nan er qi miao hui 。”(qi miao :tian zi de zong miao 。hui :hui huai 。)su shi 《chao cuo lun 》:“wei ren ren jun zi hao jie zhi shi ,neng chu shen wei tian xia fan da nan ,yi qiu cheng da gong 。”②yuan chou 。《zhan guo ce ·qin ce yi 》:“yi yu zhou wu wei nan 。”(zhou wu :zhou wu wang 。)《shi ji ·zhang yi lie chuan 》:“chu chang yu qin gou nan ,zhan yu han zhong 。”③ze bei ;ze nan 。《meng zi ·li lou xia 》:“yu qin shou you he nan yan ?”you jie wen ;fan bo 。《lun heng ·wen kong 》:“zao nan kong zi ,he shang yu yi ?”wang an dan 《da si ma jian yi shu 》:“bi xie shui ,nan ren ren 。”(ren ren :ning ren ,qiao yan chan mei de xiao ren 。)you bian bo de guan dian ,lun dian 。《han shu ·gao di ji 》:“(han wang )yi wen zhang liang ,liang fa ba nan 。” (san )nuó ①mao cheng de yang zi 。《shi jing ·xiao ya ·xi sang 》:“xi sang you a ,ji xie you nan 。”(a :tong “e ”,rou mei de yang zi 。)②qu zhu yi gui 。hou lai xie zuo “nuo ”。《zhou li ·xia guan ·fang xiang shi 》:“shuai bai li er shi nan ,yi suo shi qu yi 。”

zi :

①zi ji 。《shi jing ·da ya ·wen wang 》:“yong yan pei ming ,zi qiu duo fu 。”(yan :tong “yan ”。pei ming :ge hu tian ming 。)《lao zi 》:“zhi ren zhe zhi ,zi zhi zhe ming 。”②qin zi 。song lian 《song dong yang ma sheng xu 》:“mei jia jie yu cang shu zhi jia ,shou zi bi lu ,ji ri yi hai 。”《shi ji ·xiao xiang guo shi jia 》:“gao zu zi jiang 。”③zi ran 。《shi ji ·li jiang jun lie chuan 》:“yan yue :‘tao li mo yan ,xia zi cheng qi 。’”(qi :xiao jing ;xiao lu 。)④jie ci 。1.cong 。《meng zi ·teng wen gong shang 》:“you wei shen nong zhi yan zhe hu hang ,zi chu zhi teng 。”(shen nong :chuan shui wei gu dai zao lei si 、xing nong ye de di wang 。hu hang :dang shi de nong xue jia 。)《lun yu ·xue er 》:“you peng zi yuan fang lai 。”2. you yu 。《shi ji ·qu yuan gu sheng lie chuan 》:“qu ping zhi zuo 《li sao 》,gai zi yuan sheng ye 。”《han shu ·guan fu chuan 》:“hou zi wo de zhi ,zi wo juan zhi ,mo suo hen 。”⑤lian ci 。biao shi jia she 。ke yi wei jia ru 。《zuo chuan ·cheng gong shi liu nian 》:“wei sheng ren neng nei wai mo huan ,zi fei sheng ren ,wai ning bi you nei you 。”⑥lian ci 。biao shi jia she de rang bu 。ke yi wei ji shi 。《han shu ·gao zu ji xia 》:“gao zu bu xiu wen xue ,er xing ming da ,hao mou neng ting ,zi jian men shu cu ,jian zhi ru jiu 。”you 《du zhou chuan 》:“zi jing shi bu xiao ,kuang yu yuan fang ?”

jiang :

(yi )①gong you li 。《zhan guo ce ·han ce 》:“fu tian xia jiang gong jin nu jie zi han chu 。”②jiang zhuang ;you li 。《shi jing ·zhou song ·zai shan (shān)》:“hou jiang hou yi 。”(hou :zhu ci 。yi :ruo 。)《xun zi · quan xue 》:“yin mo zhao ya zhi li ,jin gu zhi jiang 。”③jiang da ;jiang cheng 。《yan tie lun ·fei yang 》:“qin ren shang jun ,guo yi fu jiang 。”④jia jiang ;zeng jiang 。《xun zi ·tian lun 》:“jiang ben er jie yong ,ze tian bu neng pin 。”⑤you yu ;lve duo 。《mu lan shi 》:“shang ci bai qian jiang 。”⑥chao guo ;sheng guo 。《shi ji ·ping yuan jun yu qing lie chuan 》:“mao xian sheng yi san cun zhi she ,jiang yu bai mo zhi shi 。” (er )qiǎng ①jiang pai 。《jin shu ·guo fan chuan 》:“(yu yi )gong wang zao fan ,yu jiang qi zhi 。”(gong :qin zi 。zao :bai fang 。qi :qi yong 。)②jie li ;jin li 。《zhan guo ce ·zhao ce si 》:“tai hou bu ken ,da chen jiang jian 。”③mian jiang 。《shi ji ·liu hou shi jia 》:“liu hou bing ,zi jiang si 。”