濁:

①渾濁,與“清”相對。《詩經·邶風·谷風》:“涇以渭濁,湜(shí)湜其沚。”(涇、渭:二水名,在陜西省,二水會合後涇水因渭水而混濁。湜湜:水清的樣子。沚:水中小洲。)②污濁。賈誼《吊屈原賦》:“所貴聖之神德兮,遠濁世而自臧。”(臧:通“藏”,隱藏。)《楚辭·漁父》:“舉世皆濁而我獨清。”③聲音低沉粗重。《晉書·謝安傳》:“有鼻疾,故其音濁。”

醪:

①濁酒;帶渣的酒。《史記·李將軍列傳》:“大將軍使長史持糒醪遺廣。”②泛指酒。宋·蘇軾《讀孟郊詩》:“飲我玉色醪。”

自:

①自己。《詩經·大雅·文王》:“永言配命,自求多福。”(言:通“焉”。配命:合乎天命。)《老子》:“知人者智,自知者明。”②親自。宋濂《送東陽馬生序》:“每假借於藏書之傢,手自筆錄,計日以還。”《史記·蕭相國世傢》:“高祖自將。”③自然。《史記·李將軍列傳》:“諺曰:‘桃李無言,下自成蹊。’”(蹊:小徑;小路。)④介詞。1.從。《孟子·滕文公上》:“有為神農之言者許行,自楚之滕。”(神農:傳說為古代造耒耜、興農業的帝王。許行:當時的農學傢。)《論語·學而》:“有朋自遠方來。”2. 由於。《史記·屈原賈生列傳》:“屈平之作《離騷》,蓋自怨生也。”《漢書·灌夫傳》:“侯自我得之,自我捐之,無所恨。”⑤連詞。表示假設。可譯為假如。《左傳·成公十六年》:“唯聖人能內外無患,自非聖人,外寧必有內憂。”⑥連詞。表示假設的讓步。可譯為即使。《漢書·高祖紀下》:“高祖不修文學,而性明達,好謀能聽,自監門戍卒,見之如舊。”又《杜周傳》:“自京師不曉,況於遠方?”

初:

①開始。《史記·賈誼傳》:“年少初學。”柳宗元《封建論》:“天地果無初乎?”②當初;原先。《後漢書·華佗傳》:“初,軍吏李成苦欬(ké),盡夜不寐……”③從前;往日。《三國志·蜀書·黃權傳》:“先主曰:‘孤負黃權,權不負孤也。’待之如初。”④表示序次的第一。《史記·秦本紀》:“二年初伏,以狗禦蠱。”白居易《暮江吟》:“可憐九月初三夜,露似珍珠月似弓。”⑤才;剛剛。《史記·秦始皇本紀》:“天下初定,又復立國,是樹兵也。”[初無]從來沒有,並沒有。《後漢書·蓋勛傳》:“群臣初無是言也。”

熟:

(又讀shóu) ①食物燒煮到可吃的程度。班固《白虎通·號》:“鑽木燧(suì)取火,教民熟食。”(燧:古代取火的器具。)②植物成熟。《孟子·告子上》:“五谷者,種之美者也,茍為不熟,不如荑稗。”③莊稼有收成;豐收。陶潛《桃花源詩》:“春蠶收長絲,秋熟靡王稅。”(蠶:養蠶。靡:無。)④經過加工的。洪邁《夷堅丙志·綦叔厚》:“藥架甚華楚,上列白陶缶數十,陳熟藥其中。”⑤指土壤疏松適合作物生長。《齊民要術·耕田》:“耕不深,地不熟。”⑥熟悉;深知。吳融《和座主尚書春日郊居》:“春蔬已為高僧掇,臘醖還因熟客開。”(醖:指釀制的酒。)⑦精通;熟練。歐陽修《試筆·作字要熟》:“作字要熟,熟則神氣充實而有餘。”餘繼登《典故紀聞》卷三:“設若臨事不熟,驟然決斷,恐未盡善。”⑧仔細;周密;深入。《戰國策·齊策一》:“國一日被攻,雖欲事秦,不可得也。是故願大王熟計之。”⑨程度深。《宋書·檀道濟傳》:“道濟就寢便熟。”⑩通“孰”。誰。《易林·未濟之姤》:“仇敵背憎,熟肯相迎?”

城:

①城郭。一般是兩重,裡面的稱城,外面的稱郭。賈誼《過秦論》:“然後踐華為城,因河為池。”②古代都邑為中心的所轄地區稱城。《史記·廉頗藺相如列傳》:“秦昭王聞之,使人遺(wèi)趙王書,願以十五城請易璧。”(遺:送給。易:交換。)③築城。《漢書·高帝紀》:“令天下縣邑城。”《詩經·小雅·出車》:“天子命我,城彼朔方。”(朔方:北方。)④守城。魏源《聖武記》卷一:“我朝縱還臺堡降卒二千,城者拒之。”⑤城墻以內的地方。韓翊(yì)《寒食》:“春城無處不飛花,寒食東風禦柳斜。”(禦柳:皇宮栽的柳樹。)⑥城市;都市。《史記·吳起傳》:“魏文侯以為將,擊秦,拔五城。”

多:

①數量大,與“少”相對。《孟子·公孫醜下》:“得道者多助,失道者寡助。”(得道:指得治國之道,即行仁政。寡:少。)王維《相思》:“願君多采擷。”②勝過;超過。湯顯祖《紫簫記·巧探》:“想他才似相如,貌多王粲。”(相如:司馬相如,漢辭賦傢。王粲:漢魏間人,貌美多才。)③稱贊;著重。《史記·季佈欒佈列傳》:“諸公皆多季佈能摧剛為柔,朱傢以此名聞當世。”《史記·魏其武安侯列傳》:“士亦以此多之。”④過分的;多餘的。《莊子·漁父》:“今子既上無君侯有司之勢,而下無大臣職事之官,而擅飭(chì)禮樂,選人倫以化齊民,不泰多事乎?”(飭:整頓。泰:太,過於,過分。)劉劭《人物志·體別》:“夫在多疑。”⑤增多。《荀子·天論》:“因物而多之,孰與騁能而化之?”⑥通“哆”,不正。《法言·吾子》:“中正則雅,多哇則鄭。”(哇:淫邪的樂聲。)⑦副詞。表示限定。約相當於“隻”、“僅僅”。朱浮《為幽州牧與彭寵書》:“此猶河濱之民捧土以塞孟津,多見其不知量也。”《論語·子張》:“人雖欲自絕,其何傷於日月乎? 多見其不知量也。”

鼓:

①打擊樂器之一。多為圓桶形或扁圓形,中間空,兩端蒙著皮革。《荀子·禮論》:“鐘鼓管磬琴瑟竽笙,所以養耳也。”也指鼓聲。辛棄疾《永遇樂·京口北固亭懷古》:“可堪回首,佛貍祠下,一片神鴉社鼓。”②擊鼓。《詩經》:“子有鐘鼓,弗鼓弗考。”又擊鼓進軍。《左傳·莊公十年》:“戰於長勺,公將鼓之。”③形狀、功能類似鼓的東西。譚嗣同《仁學》上:“耳有鼓焉,聲入而肖其響,由鼓傳腦而覺為聞。”(肖:相像;類似。)④隆起;凸出。馬中錫《中山狼傳》:“遂鼓吻奮爪以向先生。”⑤敲擊或彈奏(樂器)。李白《夢遊天姥吟留別》:“虎鼓瑟兮鸞回車,仙之人兮列如麻。”⑥震動;激發。《楚辭·漁父》:“漁父莞(wǎn)爾而笑,鼓枻(yì)而去。”(莞爾:微笑。枻:槳。)⑦用風箱等扇(風)。《三國志·魏書·王粲傳附陳琳》:“今將軍總皇威,握兵要,龍驤(xiāng)虎步,高下在心;以此行事,無異於鼓洪爐以燎毛發。”(驤:馬昂首快跑。)⑧古代夜間計時單位。《資治通鑒·唐憲宗元和十二年》:“四鼓,愬至城下,無一人知者。”(愬:李愬)。

鼙:

古代軍用小鼓。《周禮·夏官·大司馬》:“旅帥執鼙。”[鼓鼙]樂器。大鼓和小鼓。《禮記·樂記》:“君子聽鼓鼙之聲,則思將帥之臣。”借指戰爭。杜甫《出郭》:“故國猶兵馬,他鄉亦鼓鼙。”

zhuo :

①hun zhuo ,yu “qing ”xiang dui 。《shi jing ·bei feng ·gu feng 》:“jing yi wei zhuo ,shi (shí)shi ji zhi 。”(jing 、wei :er shui ming ,zai shan xi sheng ,er shui hui ge hou jing shui yin wei shui er hun zhuo 。shi shi :shui qing de yang zi 。zhi :shui zhong xiao zhou 。)②wu zhuo 。gu yi 《diao qu yuan fu 》:“suo gui sheng zhi shen de xi ,yuan zhuo shi er zi zang 。”(zang :tong “cang ”,yin cang 。)《chu ci ·yu fu 》:“ju shi jie zhuo er wo du qing 。”③sheng yin di chen cu chong 。《jin shu ·xie an chuan 》:“you bi ji ,gu ji yin zhuo 。”

lao :

①zhuo jiu ;dai zha de jiu 。《shi ji ·li jiang jun lie chuan 》:“da jiang jun shi chang shi chi bei lao wei an 。”②fan zhi jiu 。song ·su shi 《dou meng jiao shi 》:“yin wo yu se lao 。”

zi :

①zi ji 。《shi jing ·da ya ·wen wang 》:“yong yan pei ming ,zi qiu duo fu 。”(yan :tong “yan ”。pei ming :ge hu tian ming 。)《lao zi 》:“zhi ren zhe zhi ,zi zhi zhe ming 。”②qin zi 。song lian 《song dong yang ma sheng xu 》:“mei jia jie yu cang shu zhi jia ,shou zi bi lu ,ji ri yi hai 。”《shi ji ·xiao xiang guo shi jia 》:“gao zu zi jiang 。”③zi ran 。《shi ji ·li jiang jun lie chuan 》:“yan yue :‘tao li mo yan ,xia zi cheng qi 。’”(qi :xiao jing ;xiao lu 。)④jie ci 。1.cong 。《meng zi ·teng wen gong shang 》:“you wei shen nong zhi yan zhe hu hang ,zi chu zhi teng 。”(shen nong :chuan shui wei gu dai zao lei si 、xing nong ye de di wang 。hu hang :dang shi de nong xue jia 。)《lun yu ·xue er 》:“you peng zi yuan fang lai 。”2. you yu 。《shi ji ·qu yuan gu sheng lie chuan 》:“qu ping zhi zuo 《li sao 》,gai zi yuan sheng ye 。”《han shu ·guan fu chuan 》:“hou zi wo de zhi ,zi wo juan zhi ,mo suo hen 。”⑤lian ci 。biao shi jia she 。ke yi wei jia ru 。《zuo chuan ·cheng gong shi liu nian 》:“wei sheng ren neng nei wai mo huan ,zi fei sheng ren ,wai ning bi you nei you 。”⑥lian ci 。biao shi jia she de rang bu 。ke yi wei ji shi 。《han shu ·gao zu ji xia 》:“gao zu bu xiu wen xue ,er xing ming da ,hao mou neng ting ,zi jian men shu cu ,jian zhi ru jiu 。”you 《du zhou chuan 》:“zi jing shi bu xiao ,kuang yu yuan fang ?”

chu :

①kai shi 。《shi ji ·gu yi chuan 》:“nian shao chu xue 。”liu zong yuan 《feng jian lun 》:“tian de guo mo chu hu ?”②dang chu ;yuan xian 。《hou han shu ·hua tuo chuan 》:“chu ,jun li li cheng ku kai (ké),jin ye bu mei ……”③cong qian ;wang ri 。《san guo zhi ·shu shu ·huang quan chuan 》:“xian zhu yue :‘gu fu huang quan ,quan bu fu gu ye 。’dai zhi ru chu 。”④biao shi xu ci de di yi 。《shi ji ·qin ben ji 》:“er nian chu fu ,yi gou yu gu 。”bai ju yi 《mu jiang yin 》:“ke lian jiu yue chu san ye ,lou shi zhen zhu yue shi gong 。”⑤cai ;gang gang 。《shi ji ·qin shi huang ben ji 》:“tian xia chu ding ,you fu li guo ,shi shu bing ye 。”[chu mo ]cong lai mei you ,bing mei you 。《hou han shu ·gai xun chuan 》:“qun chen chu mo shi yan ye 。”

shou :

(you dou shóu) ①shi wu shao zhu dao ke chi de cheng du 。ban gu 《bai hu tong ·hao 》:“鑽mu sui (suì)qu huo ,jiao min shou shi 。”(sui :gu dai qu huo de qi ju 。)②zhi wu cheng shou 。《meng zi ·gao zi shang 》:“wu gu zhe ,chong zhi mei zhe ye ,gou wei bu shou ,bu ru ti bai 。”③zhuang jia you shou cheng ;feng shou 。tao qian 《tao hua yuan shi 》:“chun can shou chang si ,qiu shou mi wang shui 。”(can :yang can 。mi :mo 。)④jing guo jia gong de 。hong mai 《yi jian bing zhi ·qi shu hou 》:“yao jia shen hua chu ,shang lie bai tao fou shu shi ,chen shou yao ji zhong 。”⑤zhi tu rang shu song kuo ge zuo wu sheng chang 。《ji min yao shu ·geng tian 》:“geng bu shen ,de bu shou 。”⑥shou xi ;shen zhi 。wu rong 《he zuo zhu shang shu chun ri jiao ju 》:“chun shu yi wei gao seng duo ,la yun hai yin shou ke kai 。”(yun :zhi niang zhi de jiu 。)⑦jing tong ;shou lian 。ou yang xiu 《shi bi ·zuo zi yao shou 》:“zuo zi yao shou ,shou ze shen qi chong shi er you yu 。”yu ji deng 《dian gu ji wen 》juan san :“she re lin shi bu shou ,zhou ran jue duan ,kong wei jin shan 。”⑧zai xi ;zhou mi ;shen ru 。《zhan guo ce ·ji ce yi 》:“guo yi ri bei gong ,sui yu shi qin ,bu ke de ye 。shi gu yuan da wang shou ji zhi 。”⑨cheng du shen 。《song shu ·tan dao ji chuan 》:“dao ji jiu qin bian shou 。”⑩tong “shu ”。shei 。《yi lin ·wei ji zhi gou 》:“chou di bei zeng ,shou ken xiang ying ?”

cheng :

①cheng guo 。yi ban shi liang chong ,li mian de chen cheng ,wai mian de chen guo 。gu yi 《guo qin lun 》:“ran hou jian hua wei cheng ,yin he wei chi 。”②gu dai dou yi wei zhong xin de suo he de ou chen cheng 。《shi ji ·lian po lin xiang ru lie chuan 》:“qin zhao wang wen zhi ,shi ren wei (wèi)zhao wang shu ,yuan yi shi wu cheng qing yi bi 。”(wei :song gei 。yi :jiao huan 。)③zhu cheng 。《han shu ·gao di ji 》:“ling tian xia xian yi cheng 。”《shi jing ·xiao ya ·chu che 》:“tian zi ming wo ,cheng bi shuo fang 。”(shuo fang :bei fang 。)④shou cheng 。wei yuan 《sheng wu ji 》juan yi :“wo chao zong hai tai bao jiang cu er qian ,cheng zhe ju zhi 。”⑤cheng qiang yi nei de de fang 。han yi (yì)《han shi 》:“chun cheng mo chu bu fei hua ,han shi dong feng yu liu xie 。”(yu liu :huang gong zai de liu shu 。)⑥cheng shi ;dou shi 。《shi ji ·wu qi chuan 》:“wei wen hou yi wei jiang ,ji qin ,ba wu cheng 。”

duo :

①shu liang da ,yu “shao ”xiang dui 。《meng zi ·gong sun chou xia 》:“de dao zhe duo zhu ,shi dao zhe gua zhu 。”(de dao :zhi de zhi guo zhi dao ,ji hang ren zheng 。gua :shao 。)wang wei 《xiang sai 》:“yuan jun duo cai xie 。”②sheng guo ;chao guo 。shang xian zu 《zi xiao ji ·qiao tan 》:“xiang ta cai shi xiang ru ,mao duo wang can 。”(xiang ru :si ma xiang ru ,han ci fu jia 。wang can :han wei jian ren ,mao mei duo cai 。)③chen zan ;zhao chong 。《shi ji ·ji bu luan bu lie chuan 》:“zhu gong jie duo ji bu neng cui gang wei rou ,zhu jia yi ci ming wen dang shi 。”《shi ji ·wei ji wu an hou lie chuan 》:“shi yi yi ci duo zhi 。”④guo fen de ;duo yu de 。《zhuang zi ·yu fu 》:“jin zi ji shang mo jun hou you si zhi shi ,er xia mo da chen zhi shi zhi guan ,er shan chi (chì)li le ,shua ren lun yi hua ji min ,bu tai duo shi hu ?”(chi :zheng du 。tai :tai ,guo yu ,guo fen 。)liu shao 《ren wu zhi ·ti bie 》:“fu zai duo yi 。”⑤zeng duo 。《xun zi ·tian lun 》:“yin wu er duo zhi ,shu yu cheng neng er hua zhi ?”⑥tong “chi ”,bu zheng 。《fa yan ·wu zi 》:“zhong zheng ze ya ,duo wa ze zheng 。”(wa :yin xie de le sheng 。)⑦fu ci 。biao shi xian ding 。yao xiang dang yu “zhi ”、“jin jin ”。zhu fu 《wei you zhou mu yu peng chong shu 》:“ci you he bin zhi min peng tu yi sai meng jin ,duo jian ji bu zhi liang ye 。”《lun yu ·zi zhang 》:“ren sui yu zi jue ,ji he shang yu ri yue hu ? duo jian ji bu zhi liang ye 。”

gu :

①da ji le qi zhi yi 。duo wei yuan tong xing huo bian yuan xing ,zhong jian kong ,liang duan meng zhao pi ge 。《xun zi ·li lun 》:“zhong gu guan qing qin se yu sheng ,suo yi yang er ye 。”ye zhi gu sheng 。xin qi ji 《yong yu le ·jing kou bei gu ting huai gu 》:“ke kan hui shou ,fo li ci xia ,yi pian shen ya she gu 。”②ji gu 。《shi jing 》:“zi you zhong gu ,fu gu fu kao 。”you ji gu jin jun 。《zuo chuan ·zhuang gong shi nian 》:“zhan yu chang shao ,gong jiang gu zhi 。”③xing zhuang 、gong neng lei shi gu de dong xi 。tan si tong 《ren xue 》shang :“er you gu yan ,sheng ru er xiao ji xiang ,you gu chuan nao er jiao wei wen 。”(xiao :xiang xiang ;lei shi 。)④long qi ;tu chu 。ma zhong xi 《zhong shan lang chuan 》:“sui gu wen fen zhao yi xiang xian sheng 。”⑤qiao ji huo dan zou (le qi )。li bai 《meng you tian lao yin liu bie 》:“hu gu se xi luan hui che ,xian zhi ren xi lie ru ma 。”⑥zhen dong ;ji fa 。《chu ci ·yu fu 》:“yu fu guan (wǎn)er er xiao ,gu xie (yì)er qu 。”(guan er :wei xiao 。xie :jiang 。)⑦yong feng xiang deng shan (feng )。《san guo zhi ·wei shu ·wang can chuan fu chen lin 》:“jin jiang jun zong huang wei ,wo bing yao ,long xiang (xiāng)hu bu ,gao xia zai xin ;yi ci hang shi ,mo yi yu gu hong lu yi liao mao fa 。”(xiang :ma ang shou kuai pao 。)⑧gu dai ye jian ji shi chan wei 。《zi zhi tong jian ·tang xian zong yuan he shi er nian 》:“si gu ,su zhi cheng xia ,mo yi ren zhi zhe 。”(su :li su )。

pi :

gu dai jun yong xiao gu 。《zhou li ·xia guan ·da si ma 》:“lv shuai zhi pi 。”[gu pi ]le qi 。da gu he xiao gu 。《li ji ·le ji 》:“jun zi ting gu pi zhi sheng ,ze sai jiang shuai zhi chen 。”jie zhi zhan zheng 。du fu 《chu guo 》:“gu guo you bing ma ,ta xiang yi gu pi 。”